Antibiotics and antifungals quiz

WIKIQUIZ

Questions reviewed by:

Richard Hammond BSc BVetMed DipECVA DVA PhD MRCVS

1

To which generation of cephalosporins does ceftiofur belong? Fourth generation Third generation First generation Second generation Fifth generation Please select an option Incorrect Ceftiofur is a second generation cephalosporin which has a very broad spectrum of action with very high activity against enterobacteriaceae. Although it struggles against the most difficult gram negative organisms. Cephalosporins. Incorrect Ceftiofur is a second generation cephalosporin which has a very broad spectrum of action with very high activity against enterobacteriaceae. Although it struggles against the most difficult gram negative organisms. Cephalosporins. Incorrect Ceftiofur is a second generation cephalosporin which has a very broad spectrum of action with very high activity against enterobacteriaceae. Although it struggles against the most difficult gram negative organisms. Cephalosporins. Correct! Ceftiofur is a second generation cephalosporin which has a very broad spectrum of action with very high activity against enterobacteriaceae. Although it struggles against the most difficult gram negative organisms. Cephalosporins. Incorrect Fifth generation cephalosporins have only recently been developed and there are no veterinary examples. Ceftiofur is a second generation cephalosporin which has a very broad spectrum of action with very high activity against enterobacteriaceae. Although it struggles against the most difficult gram negative organisms. Cephalosporins.

2

Which class of drugs can cause erosion of articular cartilage in young growing dogs? Aminoglycosides Penicillins Cephalosporins Tetracyclines Fluoroquinolones Please select an option Incorrect Aminoglycosides are not known to have any effect on articular cartilage. Fluoroquinolones can cause erosion of the articular cartilages in young growing dogs. This may be the case in other young growing animals, however we do know that it is safe to use danofloxacin in calves. Fluoroquinolones. Incorrect Penicillins are not known to have any effect on articular cartilage. Fluoroquinolones can cause erosion of the articular cartilages in young growing dogs. This may be the case in other young growing animals, however we do know that it is safe to use danofloxacin in calves. Fluoroquinolones. Incorrect Cephalosporins are not known to have any effect on articular cartilage. Fluoroquinolones can cause erosion of the articular cartilages in young growing dogs. This may be the case in other young growing animals, however we do know that it is safe to use danofloxacin in calves. Fluoroquinolones. Incorrect Tetracyclines are not known to have any effect on articular cartilage. Fluoroquinolones can cause erosion of the articular cartilages in young growing dogs. This may be the case in other young growing animals, however we do know that it is safe to use danofloxacin in calves. Fluoroquinolones. Correct! Fluoroquinolones can cause erosion of the articular cartilages in young growing dogs. This may be the case in other young growing animals, however we do know that it is safe to use danofloxacin in calves. Fluoroquinolones.

3

Which antibiotics should be given in a large single daily dose rather than multiple doses to avoid nephrotoxicity? Gentamicin Erythromycin Trimethoprim sulphate Metronidazole Cefalexin Please select an option Correct! Gentamicin is very nephrotoxic and shouldn't be used if any renal pathology is suspected. To try and avoid nephrotoxicity it is recommended to give one large single dose daily rather than splitting the dose up because it is thought that repeated doses accumulate in the kidney. Aminoglycosides. Incorrect Erythromycin is not known to be nephrotoxic. Gentamicin is very nephrotoxic and shouldn't be used if any renal pathology is suspected. To try and avoid nephrotoxicity it is recommended to give one large single dose daily rather than splitting the dose up because it is thought repeated doses accumulate in the kidney. Aminoglycosides. Incorrect Trimethoprim sulphate is not known to be particularly nephrotoxic. Gentamicin is very nephrotoxic and shouldn't be used if any renal pathology is suspected. To try and avoid nephrotoxicity it is recommended to give one large single dose daily rather than splitting the dose up because it is thought repeated doses accumulate in the kidney. Aminoglycosides. Incorrect Metronidazole is not known to be nephrotoxic. Gentamicin is very nephrotoxic and shouldn't be used if any renal pathology is suspected. To try and avoid nephrotoxicity it is recommended to give one large single dose daily rather than splitting the dose up because it is thought repeated doses accumulate in the kidney. Aminoglycosides. Incorrect Cefalexin is not known to be particularly nephrotoxic. Gentamicin is very nephrotoxic and shouldn't be used if any renal pathology is suspected. To try and avoid nephrotoxicity it is recommended to give one large single dose daily rather than splitting the dose up because it is thought repeated doses accumulate in the kidney. Aminoglycosides.

4

Which antibiotic is particularly effective against anaerobic protozoa? Erythromycin Trimethoprim sulphate Metronidazole Ceftiofur Gentamicin Please select an option Incorrect Erythromycin is not effective in treating any protozoal infections. Metronidazole will kill nearly all anaerobic gram-positive and negative bacteria and it is highly active against anaerobic protozoa, especially Treponema hyodysenteriae, Trichomonas foetus, Histomonas and Giardia. Nitroimidazoles. Incorrect Trimethoprim sulphate is not particularly effective at treating anaerobic protozoal infections. Metronidazole will kill nearly all anaerobic gram-positive and negative bacteria and it is highly active against anaerobic protozoa, especially Treponema hyodysenteriae, Trichomonas foetus, Histomonas and Giardia. Nitroimidazoles. Correct! Metronidazole will kill nearly all anaerobic gram-positive and negative bacteria and it is highly active against anaerobic protozoa, especially Treponema hyodysenteriae, Trichomonas foetus, Histomonas and Giardia. Nitroimidazoles. Incorrect Ceftiofur is not effective in treating any protozoal infections. Metronidazole will kill nearly all anaerobic gram-positive and negative bacteria and it is highly active against anaerobic protozoa, especially Treponema hyodysenteriae, Trichomonas foetus, Histomonas and Giardia. Nitroimidazoles. Incorrect Gentamicin is not effective in treating any protozoal infections. Metronidazole will kill nearly all anaerobic gram-positive and negative bacteria and it is highly active against anaerobic protozoa, especially Treponema hyodysenteriae, Trichomonas foetus, Histomonas and Giardia. Nitroimidazoles.

5

Which class of antibiotics enter bacteria via an oxygen-dependent active transport system, thereby making them inactive against anaerobic bacteria? Sulphonamides Aminoglycosides Penicillins Fluoroquinolones Trimethoprim Please select an option Incorrect Sulphonamides are effective against some obligate anaerobes, for example Actinomyces and Fusobacterium, but inactive against clostridial species and anaerobic cocci. Aminoglycosides enter the bacterial cell via an oxygen-dependent active transport system, thus they are unable to work against any anaerobic species. Aminoglycosides. Correct! Aminoglycosides must first enter the bacterial cell, which they do via an oxygen-dependent active transport system. Thus aminoglycosides are unable to work against any anaerobic species. Aminoglycosides. Incorrect Penicillins are effective against many obligate anaerobes. Aminoglycosides enter the bacterial cell via an oxygen-dependent active transport system, thus they are unable to work against any anaerobic species. Aminoglycosides. Incorrect Although fluoroquinolones have poor activity against obligate anaerobes, they do not enter the bacteria via an oxygen-dependent active transport system. Aminoglycosides enter the bacterial cell via an oxygen-dependent active transport system, thus they are unable to work against any anaerobic species. Aminoglycosides. Incorrect Although trimethoprim has poor activity against obligate anaerobes, it does not enter the bacteria via an oxygen-dependent active transport system. Aminoglycosides enter the bacterial cell via an oxygen-dependent active transport system, thus they are unable to work against any anaerobic species. Aminoglycosides.

6

Which class/classes of antibiotics are inhibited by drugs which contain a para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) core e.g. procaine? Macrolides and lincosamides Cephalosporins Sulphonamides Tetracyclines Fluoroquinolones Please select an option Incorrect The efficacy of macrolides and lincosamides are not affected by the presence of drugs containing a PABA core. Sulphonamides are competitive antagonists of PABA which is a precursor of folic acid. Bacteria need to synthesise folic acid in order to grow as they are unable to obtain it from their 'diet' like mammals can. Since the bacteria are unable to synthesise RNA or DNA, due to lack of folic acid, their growth is inhibited. However if a drug containing PABA e.g. procaine is used at the same time then the bacteria will have another source of PABA so sulphonamides will not be as effective. Sulphonamides. Incorrect The efficacy of cephalosporins is not affected by the presence of drugs containing a PABA core. Sulphonamides are competitive antagonists of PABA which is a precursor of folic acid. Bacteria need to synthesise folic acid in order to grow as they are unable to obtain it from their 'diet' like mammals can. Since the bacteria are unable to synthesise RNA or DNA, due to lack of folic acid, their growth is inhibited. However if a drug containing PABA e.g. procaine is used at the same time then the bacteria will have another source of PABA so sulphonamides will not be as effective. Sulphonamides. Correct! Sulphonamides are competitive antagonists of PABA which is a precursor of folic acid. Bacteria need to synthesise folic acid in order to grow as they are unable to obtain it from their 'diet' like mammals can. Since the bacteria are unable to synthesise RNA or DNA, due to lack of folic acid, their growth is inhibited. However if a drug containing PABA e.g. procaine is used at the same time then the bacteria will have another source of PABA so sulphonamides will not be as effective. Sulphonamides. Incorrect The efficacy of tetracyclines is not affected by the presence of drugs containing a PABA core. Sulphonamides are competitive antagonists of PABA which is a precursor of folic acid. Bacteria need to synthesise folic acid in order to grow as they are unable to obtain it from their 'diet' like mammals can. Since the bacteria are unable to synthesise RNA or DNA, due to lack of folic acid, their growth is inhibited. However if a drug containing PABA e.g. procaine is used at the same time then the bacteria will have another source of PABA so sulphonamides will not be as effective. Sulphonamides. Incorrect The efficacy of fluoroquinolones is not affected by the presence of drugs containing a PABA core. Sulphonamides are competitive antagonists of PABA which is a precursor of folic acid. Bacteria need to synthesise folic acid in order to grow as they are unable to obtain it from their 'diet' like mammals can. Since the bacteria are unable to synthesise RNA or DNA, due to lack of folic acid, their growth is inhibited. However if a drug containing PABA e.g. procaine is used at the same time then the bacteria will have another source of PABA so sulphonamides will not be as effective. Sulphonamides.

7

Which antibiotic, belonging to the macrolide and lincosamide family, is fatal to man if accidentally injected? Spiramycin Erythromycin Tilmicosin Tylosin Lincomycin Please select an option Incorrect Spiramycin is not available in injectable form for veterinary use. Injection of tilmicosin in humans can be fatal hence it should only be administered by a veterinary surgeon and great care should be taken when administering it. Macrolides and lincosamides. Incorrect Erythromycin would not be fatal in man if accidentally injected. Injection of tilmicosin in humans can be fatal hence it should only be administered by a veterinary surgeon and great care should be taken when administering it. Macrolides and lincosamides. Correct! Injection of tilmicosin in humans can be fatal, hence it should only be administered by a veterinary surgeon and great care should be taken when administering it. Macrolides and lincosamides. Incorrect Tylosin would not be fatal in man if accidentally injected. Injection of tilmicosin in humans can be fatal hence it should only be administered by a veterinary surgeon and great care should be taken when administering it. Macrolides and lincosamides. Incorrect Lincomycin would not be fatal in man if accidentally injected. Injection of tilmicosin in humans can be fatal hence it should only be administered by a veterinary surgeon and great care should be taken when administering it. Macrolides and lincosamides.

8

Which class of antibiotics can stain developing teeth and bone? Fluoroquinolones Macrolides and lincosamides Tetracyclines Penicillins Cephalosporins Please select an option Incorrect Fluoroquinolones do not stain developing teeth or bone. Tetracyclines can chelate with calcium ions (Ca2+) and they tend to deposit in developing bones and teeth, resulting in yellow staining. Hence their use should be avoided in late pregnancy and all young animals. Tetracyclines. Incorrect Macrolides and lincosamides do not stain developing teeth or bone. Tetracyclines can chelate with calcium ions (Ca2+) and they tend to deposit in developing bones and teeth, resulting in yellow staining. Hence their use should be avoided in late pregnancy and all young animals. Tetracyclines. Correct! Tetracyclines can chelate with calcium ions (Ca2+) and they tend to deposit in developing bones and teeth, resulting in yellow staining. Hence their use should be avoided in late pregnancy and all young animals. Tetracyclines. Incorrect Penicillins do not stain developing teeth or bone. Tetracyclines can chelate with calcium ions (Ca2+) and they tend to deposit in developing bones and teeth, resulting in yellow staining. Hence their use should be avoided in late pregnancy and all young animals. Tetracyclines. Incorrect Cephalosporins do not stain developing teeth or bone. Tetracyclines can chelate with calcium ions (Ca2+) and they tend to deposit in developing bones and teeth, resulting in yellow staining. Hence their use should be avoided in late pregnancy and all young animals. Tetracyclines.

9

Which antibiotic can cause a fatal aplastic anaemia in man and so is banned in the EU in all food producing animals? Chloramphenicol Metronidazole Streptomycin Enrofloxacin Cefalexin Please select an option Correct! In man a fatal aplastic anaemia can occur with chloramphenicol treatment, this has had severe implications in the veterinary world. In the EU it is now banned in all food producing animals in all of its forms (i.e. it has no safe withdrawal period) to ensure it doesn't enter the food chain. Chloramphenicol. Incorrect Metronidazole is banned in all food producing animals because of mutagenicity, not because it causes a fatal aplastic anaemia in man. This can occur with chloramphenicol treatment, which has had severe implications in the veterinary world. In the EU it is now banned in all food producing animals in all of its forms (i.e. it has no safe withdrawal period) to ensure it doesn't enter the food chain. Chloramphenicol. Incorrect Streptomycin is licensed for use in food producing animals. In man a fatal aplastic anaemia can occur with chloramphenicol treatment, this has had severe implications in the veterinary world. In the EU it is now banned in all food producing animals in all of its forms (i.e. it has no safe withdrawal period) to ensure it doesn't enter the food chain. Chloramphenicol. Incorrect Enrofloxacin is licensed for use in food producing animals. In man a fatal aplastic anaemia can occur with chloramphenicol treatment, this has had severe implications in the veterinary world. In the EU it is now banned in all food producing animals in all of its forms (i.e. it has no safe withdrawal period) to ensure it doesn't enter the food chain. Chloramphenicol. Incorrect Cefalexin is licensed for use in food producing animals. In man a fatal aplastic anaemia can occur with chloramphenicol treatment, this has had severe implications in the veterinary world. In the EU it is now banned in all food producing animals in all of its forms (i.e. it has no safe withdrawal period) to ensure it doesn't enter the food chain. Chloramphenicol.

10

Long term therapeutic use of which class of antimicrobials can cause keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)? Sulphonamides Fluoroquinolones Cephalosporins Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides Please select an option Correct! Long dosage regimes of sulphonamides have resulted in keratoconjunctivitis sicca or 'dry eye' in dogs. Sulphonamides. Incorrect Fluoroquinolones have not been associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Long dosage regimes of sulphonamides have resulted in keratoconjunctivitis sicca or 'dry eye' in dogs. Sulphonamides. Incorrect Cephalosporins have not been associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Long dosage regimes of sulphonamides have resulted in keratoconjunctivitis sicca or 'dry eye' in dogs. Sulphonamides. Incorrect Tetracyclines have not been associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Long dosage regimes of sulphonamides have resulted in keratoconjunctivitis sicca or 'dry eye' in dogs. Sulphonamides. Incorrect Aminoglycosides have not been associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Long dosage regimes of sulphonamides have resulted in keratoconjunctivitis sicca or 'dry eye' in dogs. Sulphonamides.

11

Which antibiotic is capable of binding bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)? Polymixin B Enrofloxacin Ceftiofur Penicillin G Oxytetracycline Please select an option Correct! Polymixin B is capable of binding to bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and therefore neutralising it. This is why vets use this antibiotic as it is very useful in treating animals with endotoxic shock. Polypeptide antibiotics. Incorrect Enrofloxacin can not bind bacterial endotoxin. Polymixin B is capable of binding to bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and therefore neutralising it. This is why vets use this antibiotic as it is very useful in treating animals with endotoxic shock. Polypeptide antibiotics. Incorrect Ceftiofur can not bind bacterial endotoxin. Polymixin B is capable of binding to bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and therefore neutralising it. This is why vets use this antibiotic as it is very useful in treating animals with endotoxic shock. Polypeptide antibiotics. Incorrect Penicillin G can not bind bacterial endotoxin. Polymixin B is capable of binding to bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and therefore neutralising it. This is why vets use this antibiotic as it is very useful in treating animals with endotoxic shock. Polypeptide antibiotics. Incorrect Oxytetracycline can not bind bacterial endotoxin. Polymixin B is capable of binding to bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and therefore neutralising it. This is why vets use this antibiotic as it is very useful in treating animals with endotoxic shock. Polypeptide antibiotics.

12

To which generation of cephalosporins does cefalexin belong? Second generation Fourth generation First generation Third generation Fifth generation Please select an option Incorrect Cefalexin is a first generation cephalosporin, it is active against gram positive organisms and many gram negatives, although Pseudomonas species are resistant. Cephalosporins. Incorrect Cefalexin is a first generation cephalosporin, it is active against gram positive organisms and many gram negatives, although Pseudomonas species are resistant. Cephalosporins. Correct! Cefalexin is a first generation cephalosporin, it is active against gram positive organisms and many gram negatives, although Pseudomonas species are resistant. Cephalosporins. Incorrect Cefalexin is a first generation cephalosporin, it is active against gram positive organisms and many gram negatives, although Pseudomonas species are resistant. Cephalosporins. Incorrect Fifth generation cephalosporins have only recently been developed and there are no veterinary examples. Cefalexin is a first generation cephalosporin, it is active against gram positive organisms and many gram negatives, although Pseudomonas species are resistant. Cephalosporins.