Blood Groups - Cat
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This article is still under construction. |
| See also: | Transfusion Medicine - Introduction Blood Collection for Transfusion Blood Groups - Dog |
Cats and dogs have very different blood grouping systems. Cats have an A-B blood group system and inherit blood types as a simple dominant trait where by A is dominant over B.
Cats have three blood groups: Group A, B or AB.
Group A which can be either A/A or A/B is the most common blood type of domestic short and long haired cats in the UK.
Group B which is always B/B is very common in Devon Rex, Persians, British Shorthair, Somali, Himalayan and Birman breeds.
Rarely cats can also be group AB.
Autoantibodies
Both the blood donor and recipient should always be blood typed prior to transfusion. This is especially important in cats due to the occurence of autoantibodies.
Group A cats have low titres of anti-B antibodies.
Group B have high titres of anti-A antibodies and giving Group B cats type A blood can result in a potentially fatal transfusion reaction.
Blood group incompatilibility in Cats
| Donor Group | Recipient group | Transfusion reaction |
|---|---|---|
| A | A | None |
| B | B | None |
| B | A | Slight |
| A | B | Potentially fatal |
Simplified compatibility tests
Time is needed to determine full compatibility between the donor and recipient. This is not always possible in the emergency situation. In these cases it is possible to undertake simplified compatibility tests. These tests can be performed in minutes however are much less reliable.
They involve centrifuging 0.5mls of the donors blood and 0.5mls of the recipient blood in EDTA tubes hence separating red blood cells and plasma. Various amounts (as below) are then added to gether and blood smears are prepared.
Three tests need to be undertaken
1)The major test where 3 drops of plasma from the recipient and one drop of red blood cells from the donor are added together left for 1-3 minutes and then examined microscopically. If this reaction shows there is agglutination the transfusion should not be performed.
2)Minor test where 3 drops of donor plasma is added to 1 drop of recipient red blood cells. If agglutination occurs then transfusion can occur but with constant monitoring of the patient.
3)A control reaction must also be carried out with 3 drops of donor plasma and 1 drop of donor red blood cells. If agglutination occurs then there is an error and the test must be repeated.