Caeco-Caecal Intussusception - Horse
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Description
Caeco-caecal intussusception results from uncoordinated peristalsis allowing the apex of the caecum to invaginate into the base. It is a fairy rare cause of, accounting for only 3-5% of caecal disease in the horse.
Signalment
Predisposing factors include caecal abscesses, motility-affecting drugs and parasites including Cyathostome species and Anoplocephala.
Diagnosis
Clinical Signs
- Abdominal pain
- Pyrexia
- Tachycardia
- Colic signs
Severity of clinical signs depend on the duration of the intussusception and the degree of cardiovascular compromise, ischemia and toxaemia resulting from the condition. Early diagnosis is important.
If the intussusception is associated with parasite infestation then there will likely be additional clinical signs of weight loss, diarrhoea and in some cases ventral oedema.
Diagnosis can be made on rectal examination in some cases; the base of the caecum can be palpated in the right caudal abdomen, it is thickened, oedematous, and firmer than usual. In other cases caecal involvement can be identified on rectal palpation but definitive diagnosis of intussusception is made at laparotomy under general anaesthesia.
Treatment
Treatment is by surgical reduction of the intussusception at laparotomy under general anaesthesia. The caecum must be closely inspected; a partial or total tylephectomy may need to be performed if the tissue is severely damaged or if the intussusception cannot be reduced.
IV fluid therapy and flunixin meglumate should be administered.
See Medical Treatment of Colic in Horses
References
- Dart, A.J, Dowling, B.A, and Hodgson, D.R. (1999)Caecal Disease Equine Veterinary Education, 11: 182-188
- Mair, T., Love, S., Schumacher, J. and Watson, E. (1998) Equine Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction WB Saunders Company Ltd
- Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial
- White, N.A., Edwards, G.B. (1999) Handbook of Equine Colic Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd