Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus

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Description

Bovine Imunodeficiency Virus (BIV) is a Lentivirus (non-oncogenic) which causes a persistent viral infection in cattle worldwide. It was first isolated in 1969 from a cow with a wasting syndrome.

Pathogenesis

The mechanism of transfer is not well knonw,but the following posibilites are being researched :

  • Transplacental
  • Transmammary
  • Vertical transfer through infected Semenn (e.g. Artificial inseminatio)

Clinical Signs

Bovine immunodeficiency Virus is not associated with a specific disease in cattle but has been associated with the folowing signs:

  • Decreased milk yield
  • clinical immunodeficiency
  • encephalitis
  • bovine paraplegic syndrome
  • skin infections
  • emaciation

Diagnosis

  • Western Blot
  • PCR

Treatment and Control

The Incidence of Bovine immunodeficiency virus appears to be low (1%) although can reach >15 % in some herds

References

  • Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial
  • Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Carter, M.E., Donnelly, W.J., Leonard, F.C. (2007) Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease Blackwell Publishing