Innate Immunology Quiz/2

WIKIQUIZ

Questions reviewed by:

Dr Sabine Tötemeyer, DiplBiol PhD FHEA Lecturer in Cellular Microbiology

1

Typically, there are large numbers of neutrophils and which other cell 12 hours after the beginning of a bacterial infection? Mast cell Macrophage Lymphocyte Basophil Eosinophil Please select an option Incorrect. Mast cells will be present but there will not be large numbers of mast cells compared to neutrophils. At 12 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction to a bacterial infection, there are typically large numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. There are exceptions, for example, in salmonellosis, macrophages are not such a predominant cell type until later in the inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Correct! At 12 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction to a bacterial infection, there are typically large numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. There are exceptions, for example, in salmonellosis, macrophages are not such a predominant cell type until later in the inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Lymphocytes will be present but there will not be large numbers of lymphocytes compared to neutrophils. At 12 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction to a bacterial infection, there are typically large numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. There are exceptions, for example, in salmonellosis, macrophages are not such a predominant cell type until later in the inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Basophils will be present but there will not be large numbers compared to neutrophils. At 12 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction to a bacterial infection, there are typically large numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. There are exceptions, for example, in salmonellosis, macrophages are not such a predominant cell type until later in the inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Eosinophils will be present but there will not be large numbers of eosinophils compared to neutrophils. At 12 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction to a bacterial infection, there are typically large numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. There are exceptions, for example, in salmonellosis, macrophages are not such a predominant cell type until later in the inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

3

Which two pathogens are macrophages commonly associated with? Parasites and fungi Prions and viruses Bacteria and Protozoa Fungi and protozoa Bacteria and viruses Please select an option Incorrect. Macrophages are not commonly associated with parasites or fungi as they do not possess the ability to neutralise either organism, although a macrophage response is critical in canine Leishmaniasis. Macrophages are commonly associated with bacteria and protozoa. This is because macrophages are phagocytic and these pathogens are best dealt with by phagocytosis. WikiVet Article: Macrophages Incorrect. Macrophages are not commonly associated with prions as they do not possess the ability to neutralise the prion, and although they would be able to deal with a virus infected cell by phagocytosis but it is not the most common pathogen with which they are associated. Macrophages are commonly associated with bacteria and protozoa. This is because macrophages are phagocytic and these pathogens are best dealt with by phagocytosis. WikiVet Article: Macrophages Correct! Macrophages are commonly associated with bacteria and protozoa. This is because macrophages are phagocytic and these pathogens are best dealt with by phagocytosis. WikiVet Article: Macrophages Incorrect. Macrophages are not commonly associated with fungi as they do not possess the ability to neutralise the fungi; however you are correct that they are associated with protozoal immunity. The correct answer is that macrophages are commonly associated with bacteria, protozoa and tumor cells. This is because macrophages are phagocytic and these pathogens are best dealt with by phagocytosis. WikiVet Article: Macrophages Incorrect. Macrophages would be able to deal with a virus infected cell by phagocytosis but it is not the most common pathogen, however you are correct that they are associated with bacterial immunity. The correct answer is that macrophages are commonly associated with bacteria and protozoa and also tumor cells. This is because macrophages are phagocytic and these pathogens are best dealt with by phagocytosis. WikiVet Article: Macrophages

5

What are macrophages situated in the liver called? Parietal cells Hepatoid cells Kupffer cells Stellate cells Clara cells Please select an option Incorrect. Parietal cells are found in the stomach wall and secrete gastric acid. Macrophage cells that reside within the liver are called Kupffer cells. WikiVet Article: Macrophages Incorrect. Hepatoid cells are not related to the liver but are called this because they look like hepatic cells under a microscope. Hepatoid cells are actually found in dogs perianal glands. Macrophage cells that reside within the liver are called Kupffer cells. WikiVet Article: Macrophages Correct! Macrophage cells that reside within the liver are called Kupffer cells. WikiVet Article: Macrophages Incorrect. Stellate cells are neuronal cells that have a junction box role. Macrophage cells that reside within the liver are called Kupffer cells. WikiVet Article: Macrophages Incorrect. Clara cells are found in the lungs/bronchi and are able to protect the epithelial surface. Macrophage cells that reside within the liver are called Kupffer cells. WikiVet Article: Macrophages

7

Under a microscope what is a key feature of microglia cells? Multinucleate Kidney-shaped nucleus Long cytoplasmic process Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Please select an option Incorrect. Microglia cells do not have a prominent nucleus and it is usually elongated. Microglia are brain tissue based macrophages and therefore have both a phagocytic and antigen presenting roles. Long cytoplasmic processes increase the surface area of the cell for antigen presenting roles. WikiVet Article: Macrophage Incorrect. Microglia do not have a prominent nucleus and it is usually elongated. Microglia are brain tissue based macrophages and therefore have both a phagocytic and antigen presenting roles. Long cytoplasmic processes increase the surface area of the cell for antigen presenting roles. WikiVet Article: Macrophage Correct! Microglia have long cytoplasmic processes. Microglia are brain tissue based macrophages and therefore have both a phagocytic and antigen presenting roles. Long cytoplasmic processes increase the surface area of the cell for antigen presenting roles. WikiVet Article: Macrophage Incorrect. Golgi apparatus are not visible under a microscope. Microglia are brain tissue based macrophages and therefore have both a phagocytic and antigen presenting roles. Long cytoplasmic processes increase the surface area of the cell for antigen presenting roles. WikiVet Article: Macrophage Incorrect. Although ribosomes can alter the appearance of a cell giving it a granular appearance, microglia do not have a heavily granulated appearance. Microglia are brain tissue based macrophages and therefore have both a phagocytic and antigen presenting roles. Long cytoplasmic processes increase the surface area of the cell for antigen presenting roles. WikiVet Article: Macrophage

9

How long do monocytes remain in circulation before entering tissues? 3 days 1 day 2 days 5 days 4 days Please select an option Correct! Monocytes remain in circulation for approximately three days before moving into interstitial fluids via diapediesis. Once within tissues they are called macrophages. WikiVet Article: Monocytes Incorrect. Monocytes remain in circulation for approximately three days before moving into interstitial fluids via diapediesis. Once within tissues they are called macrophages. WikiVet Article: Monocytes Incorrect. Monocytes remain in circulation for approximately three days before moving into interstitial fluids via diapediesis. Once within tissues they are called macrophages. WikiVet Article: Monocytes Incorrect. Monocytes remain in circulation for approximately three days before moving into interstitial fluids via diapediesis. Once within tissues they are called macrophages. WikiVet Article: Monocytes Incorrect. Monocytes remain in circulation for approximately three days before moving into interstitial fluids via diapediesis. Once within tissues they are called macrophages. WikiVet Article: Monocytes

11

What do the granules of basophils contain? Perforin Myeloperoxidase, hydrolase & defensins Phosphatase & metalloproteinases Heparin & histamine Enzymes e.g. collagenase Please select an option Incorrect. Perforin is released by cytotoxic T cells and forms a pore in the target cell causing cell lysis. The granules found in basophils contain heparin and histamine. These compounds play a major role in inflammation and have a very powerful and damaging effect on all surrounding tissue whether foreign or self. WikiVet Article: Basophils 'Incorrect. Myeloperoxidase, hydrolase & defensins are all found in the azurophilic (primary) granules of neutrophils. The granules found in basophils contain heparin and histamine. These compounds play a major role in inflammation and have a very powerful and damaging effect on all surrounding tissue whether foreign or self. WikiVet Article: Basophils Incorrect. Phophatases and metalloproteinases are found in the tertiary granules of neutrophils. The granules found in basophils contain heparin and histamine. These compounds play a major role in inflammation and have a very powerful and damaging effect on all surrounding tissue whether foreign or self. WikiVet Article: Basophils Correct! The granules found in basophils contain heparin and histamine. These compounds play a major role in inflammation and have a very powerful and damaging effect on all surrounding tissue whether foreign or self. WikiVet Article: Basophils Incorrect. Enzymes such as collagenase are found in the secondary granules of neutrophils. The granules found in basophils contain heparin and histamine. These compounds play a major role in inflammation and have a very powerful and damaging effect on all surrounding tissue whether foreign or self. WikiVet Article: Basophils

13

What do azurophilic granules found in neutrophils contain? Complement activators Histamine & heparin Phosphatase & metalloproteinases Collagenase Myeloperoxidase, hydrolase & defensins Please select an option Incorrect. Complement activators are found in the secondary granules of neutrophils. Myeloperoxidase, hydrolase & defensins are all found in the azurophilic (primary) granules of neutrophils. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Histamine and heparin are found in basophils and mast cells. Myeloperoxidase, hydrolase & defensins are all found in the azurophilic (primary) granules of neutrophils.WikiVet Article: Neutrophils 'Incorrect. Phosphatases and metalloproteinases are found in the tertiary granules of neutrophils. Myeloperoxidase, hydrolase & defensins are all found in the azurophilic (primary) granules of neutrophils.WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Enzymes such as collagenase are found in the secondary granules of neutrophils. Myeloperoxidase, hydrolase & defensins are all found in the azurophilic (primary) granules of neutrophils. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils 'Correct! Myeloperoxidase, hydrolase & defensins are all found in the azurophilic (primary) granules of neutrophils. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

<WikiQuiz questionnumber="15" question="What is the process called by which a cell passes through a capillary wall?" choice5="Diapedesis" choice3="Diffusion" choice4="Active transport" choice2="Perfusion" choice1="Pinocytosis" correctchoice="5" feedback5="Correct! The process by which a cell uses an amoeboid movement to pass through a capillary wall is called diapedesis. Within the endothelium, there are a number of interendothelial spaces that white blood cells are able to pass through when travelling at low speeds. Increased diapedesis is part of the reason for swelling during inflammation, as a result of increased hydrostatic and osmotic pressures within the vessels.As a result of this, more leukocytes can gain access to the tissue in order to fight the pathogen. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils" feedback3="Incorrect. Diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient. Cells do not usually move along a diffusion gradient as they are independently motile and respond to cytokines and chemokines. The process by which a cell uses an amoeboid movement to pass through a capillary wall is called diapedesis. Within the endothelium, there are a number of interendothelial spaces that white blood cells are able to pass through when travelling at low speeds. Increased diapedesis is part of the reason for swelling during inflammation, as a result of increased hydrostatic and osmotic pressures within the vessels.As a result of this, more leukocytes can gain access to the tissue in order to fight the pathogen. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils" feedback4="Incorrect. Active transport is the process cells use to move molecules across their cell membranes often against electrochemical gradients. Active transport is not directly related to cell movement through capillary walls. The process by which a cell uses an amoeboid movement to pass through a capillary wall is called diapedesis. Within the endothelium, there are a number of interendothelial spaces that white blood cells are able to pass through when travelling at low speeds. Increased diapedesis is part of the reason for swelling during inflammation, as a result of increased hydrostatic and osmotic pressures within the vessels.As a result of this, more leukocytes can gain access to the tissue in order to fight the pathogen. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils" feedback2="'Incorrect. Perfusion is the process of nutrient delivery to tissues via blood. The process by which a cell uses an amoeboid movement to pass through a capillary wall is called diapedesis. Within the endothelium, there are a number of interendothelial spaces that white blood cells are able to pass through when travelling at low speeds. Increased diapedesis is part of the reason for swelling during inflammation, as a result of increased hydrostatic and osmotic pressures within the vessels.As a result of this, more leukocytes can gain access to the tissue in order to fight the pathogen. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils" feedback1="Incorrect. Pinocytosis or 'cellular drinking' is a process of endocytosis in which liquids suspended in small vesicles are transported into cells. This process is not related to cell movements as a whole. The process by which a cell uses an amoeboid movement to pass through a capillary wall is called diapedesis. Within the endothelium, there are a number of interendothelial spaces that white blood cells are able to pass through when travelling at low speeds. Increased diapedesis is part of the reason for swelling during inflammation, as a result of increased hydrostatic and osmotic pressures within the vessels.As a result of this, more leukocytes can gain access to the tissue in order to fight the pathogen. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils" image= "" </WikiQuiz>