Colic Diagnosis - Rectal Examination

Sequential rectal examinations are the cornerstone of colic diagnosis, as many large intestinal conditions can be definitively diagnosed by this method alone. Rectal examination is invaluable in the diagnosis of medical problems such as primary impactions and spasmodic colic, and also in determining the severity of the disease and if surgery is necessary. Many subtle changes can be detected before they become apparent clinically or in the peritoneal fluid. A thorough rectal examination is vital for the early diagnosis and referral of surgical cases which improves the prognosis and post operative survival.

Abnormal Rectal Examination Findings

• Cecal Gas
• Distention of the large or small colon (gas or ingesta)and volvulus
• Intramural or mesenteric edema
• Herniation
• Impaction
• Intussusception
• Intraabdominal hematoma, abscess, mass
• Volvulus of the mesenteric root
• Enterolithiasis

References

• Edwards B. (2009), Diagnosis and Pathophysiology of Intestinal Obstruction, in Equine Gastroenterology courtesy of the University of Liverpool, pp 55-57
• Meuller E, Moore J. N, (2008) Classification and Pathophysiology of Colic, Gastrointestinal Emergencies and Other Causes of Colic, in Equine Emergencies- Treatments and Procedures, 3rd Edition, Eds Orsini J. A, Divers T.J, Saunders Elsevier, pp 109 -110
• Rose R.J, Hodgson D.R (2000) Examination of the Alimentary Tract, Alimentary Tract, Manual of Equine Practice, 2nd Edition, Saunders Elsevier, pp 274 - 283