There are two reports of mandibular clefts and bifid tongues in the literature relating to the donkey and mule (Farmande and Stöhler, 1990; Bouayad et al, 2006). Surgery was performed in four cases, of which two were not returned by their owners for follow-up, one died, but one managed well.
References
- Thiemann, A. (2008) Surgery In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 16
- Bouayad, H., Rifai, S., Kay, R.S., Knottenbelt, D.C., and Smith, M. (2006). ‘Bifid tongue and Mandibular cleft in three mule foals’. Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the W.E.V.A. pp 334-346.
- Farmand, M., Stohler, T. (1990). ‘The median cleft of the lower lip and mandible and its surgical correction in a donkey’. Equine Veterinary Journal 22 (4). pp 298-301.
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