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This article is still under construction. |
| Also known as: | Rubarth's Disease Canine adenovirus infection |
Description
- adenovirus - Canine Adenovirus 1
- acute and generalised infection
- highly infectious
- spread via the urine of infected animals over a long period of time
Signalment
- young dogs
Diagnosis
- Intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes can be seen under H&E staining
- Vascular endothelium can be stained for viral antigen by immunofluorescence
Clinical Signs
- recovering animals may show an immune-mediated uveitis with corneal opacity
Laboratory Tests
Radiography
Biopsy
Endoscopy
Pathology
Pathogenesis
- Infects and replicates in the oropharynx
- Viremia as the virus reaches endothelial cells
- Attacks the endothelial lining of gall bladder, liver sinusoids, and Kuppfer cells
- Resulting heptatitis is followed by severe abdominal pain and often death
- Post Mortem: swollen, hemorrhagic liver, ascites, and oedema of the gall bladder
- In older dogs, may present more mildly with lymph node enlargement and chronic interstitial nephritis
- In foxes: virus replicates in the endothelia of the brain resulting in neuronal damage, fits, and paralysis
Gross
- the virus has a tropism for endothelium and hepatocytes
- widespread haemorrhages, especially on serosal surface
- distinctly pale mottled appearance
- from extensive necrosis, characteristically periacinar (centrilobular) in distribution - the reason for the increased susceptibility of this area is not known
- enlarged
- friable
- fibrinous or fibrino-haemorrhagic strands between lobes
- gall bladder
- wall usually shows oedema (up to 2cm diameter)
- lymph nodes and tonsils are enlarged and reddened, sometimes haemorrhagic
Microscopically
- basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
- in hepatocytes and macrophages
Treatment
Control
In an outbreak
- Isolate infected dogs
- Disinfect premises
To prevent
- Vaccination: tissue culture adaptation that may be live or inactivated
- Cross protection with CAV2
- Live vaccines are known to cause keratitis in Afghans, Red Setters and Saluki