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()Map WIKICLINICAL (Map) IMMUNOLOGY

Introduction

Defined as an inappropriate immune response following second exposure to a harmless foreign antigen (allergen).

It can either cause a local or systemic allergic reaction.

Adverse drug reactions

Reactions to drugs can either cause type I, type II, type III, type IV or combined hypersensitivity. It does not require previous exposure to the particular drug because it can develop within the course of repeated drug administration. It is not related to the dose of drug. Different species may be more sensitive to different drugs.

Management:

• Withdrawl from drug
• Corticosteroids if required

• If anaphylactic reaction has occurred then in the acute stages adrenaline and fluid therapy are required.

Allergic skin disease

1. Atopic dermatitis - Dogs and horses

Pathogenesis:

Type I Hypersensitivity

Treatment

cyclosporin

2. Flea allergic dermatitis (FAD)- Dogs and cats

History: scratching, chewing, licking, biting

Clincial signs: Evidence of pruritus ()

3. Culicoides hypersensitivity (Sweet itch) - Horses

4. Urticaria and angioedema (angio-oedema)

5. Feline Miliary dermatitis

6. Feline Eosinophillic granuloma complex

7. Allergic contact dermatitis

Allergic respiratory disease

1. Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) - Horses

2. Allergic bronchitis

3. Pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia (PIE)

4. Feline asthma

Allergic gastrointestinal disease

1. Dietry sensitivity "food allergy"

2. Inflammatory bowel disease

3. Gluten sensitive enteropathy

References