Changes

==The Lower Urinary Tract==

==The Lower Urinary Tract==

[[Image:sumlutshcemtri.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>A schematic summarising the structure of the lower urinary tract and it's innvervations</center></small>]]

[[Image:sumlutshcemtri.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>A schematic summarising the structure of the lower urinary tract and it's innvervations</center></small>]]

The lower urinary tract (LUT) is the collection of organs which convey the urine formed within the kidneys to the exterior of the body. Urine is not altered in this part of the system in species other than the horse (where mucous is added) but instead the function of the LUT is to collect and store urine until enough of it is collected for release to become necessary.  This gives the animal urinary continence.  Three major structures make up this tract;  the ureters, the bladder and the urethras which are formed from the horizontal division of the primitive hind gut in the cloacal region during [[Kidney and Urinary Tract Development - Anatomy & Physiology#Lower_Urinary_Tract|development]]. [[Normal Composition of Urine - Anatomy & Physiology|Urine]] gives valuable information to the veterinary practitioner regarding kidney function and other urinary system abnormalities such as crystals, casts and infections.

The lower urinary tract (LUT) is the collection of organs which convey the urine formed within the kidneys to the exterior of the body. Urine is not altered in this part of the system in species other than the horse (where mucous is added) but instead the function of the LUT is to collect and store urine until enough of it is collected for release to become necessary.  This gives the animal urinary continence.  Three major structures make up this tract;  the ureters, the bladder and the urethras which are formed from the horizontal division of the primitive hind gut in the cloacal region during [[Kidney and Urinary Tract Development - Anatomy & Physiology#Lower_Urinary_Tract|development]]. [[Urine Normal Composition|Urine]] gives valuable information to the veterinary practitioner regarding kidney function and other urinary system abnormalities such as crystals, casts and infections.

==Non-Mammalian Renal Systems==

==Non-Mammalian Renal Systems==

*{{citation|initiallast = Hook|initialfirst = J.B|2last = Tarloff|2first = J.B|3last = Lash|3first = L.H|finallast = Goldstein|finalfirst = R.S|year = 2004|title = Toxicology of the Kidney|ed =3rd|pub = CRC Press}}

*{{citation|initiallast = Hook|initialfirst = J.B|2last = Tarloff|2first = J.B|3last = Lash|3first = L.H|finallast = Goldstein|finalfirst = R.S|year = 2004|title = Toxicology of the Kidney|ed =3rd|pub = CRC Press}}

Websites:

Websites:

The data found within the tables on the page entitled [[Normal Composition of Urine - Anatomy & Physiology]] was adapted from the [http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/ref_00.htm Merck Veterinary Manual] online reference table entitled '''Urine Volume and Specific Gravity'''

The data found within the tables on the page entitled [[Urine Normal Composition]] was adapted from the [http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/ref_00.htm Merck Veterinary Manual] online reference table entitled '''Urine Volume and Specific Gravity'''

[[Category:Urinary System]]

[[Category:Urinary System]]