Changes

The main losses are of H⁺ and Cl^-, and also K⁺. Electrolyte loss can potentially cause metabolic alkalosis, although this is only likely with disease which stops at the pylorus, e.g.: pyloric outflow obstruction. In cases where '''mild alkalosis''' occurs, homeostatic mechanisms produce a more alkaline urine to restore normal body pH. However, in '''severe metablolic alkalosis''' with marked dehydration, acidic urine may be produced. This is termed '''paradoxical aciduria'''. Because [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] induceses hypokalaemia, there is an overriding stimulus in the kidney for Na⁺ (and therefore water) retention. Na+ can only be resorbed in exchange for H+, H+⁺ is therefore excreted in the urine, causing it to be acidic. [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] also induces '''hypochloraemia''', meaning bicarbonate rather than chloride is resorbed with the Na+ to maintain electrical neutrality. This perpetuates the alkalosis.  

The main losses are of H⁺ and Cl^-, and also K⁺. Electrolyte loss can potentially cause metabolic alkalosis, although this is only likely with disease which stops at the pylorus, e.g.: pyloric outflow obstruction. In cases where '''mild alkalosis''' occurs, homeostatic mechanisms produce a more alkaline urine to restore normal body pH. However, in '''severe metablolic alkalosis''' with marked dehydration, acidic urine may be produced. This is termed '''paradoxical aciduria'''. Because [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] induceses hypokalaemia, there is an overriding stimulus in the kidney for Na⁺ (and therefore water) retention. Na+ can only be resorbed in exchange for H+, H+⁺ is therefore excreted in the urine, causing it to be acidic. [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] also induces '''hypochloraemia''', meaning bicarbonate rather than chloride is resorbed with the Na+ to maintain electrical neutrality. This perpetuates the alkalosis.  

[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] does not occur in the ruminant although [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasal]] content may reflux into the [[Ruminant Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|forestomachs]]. Sequestration of secretions in the [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]] will have similar effects to pyloric outflow obstruction with [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] in the monogastric animal. e.g. abomasal torsion. It also causes dehydration, hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis.  

[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] does not occur in the ruminant although [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasal]] content may reflux into the [[Ruminant Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|forestomachs]]. Sequestration of secretions in the [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]] will have similar effects to pyloric outflow obstruction with [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] in the monogastric animal. e.g. abomasal torsion. It also causes dehydration, hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis. Lesions in the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] can also lead to [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]]. Both gastric acid and pancreatic and intestinal bicarbonate secretions are lost, the animal consequently has a normal pH or may even be '''acidotic'''.

 

 

Lesions in the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] can also lead to [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]]. Both gastric acid and pancreatic and intestinal bicarbonate secretions are lost, the animal consequently has a normal pH or may even be '''acidotic'''.

 

==The Vomit Reflex==

==The Vomit Reflex==