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Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 17:36, 14 January 2011
, 17:36, 14 January 2011no edit summary
==Common structures of the Proximal Hindlimb and Pelvis==
==Common structures of the Proximal Hindlimb and Pelvis==
The margin of the wing is known as the '''iliac crest'''. Along the crest are two very important anatomical landmarks:
The margin of the wing is known as the '''iliac crest'''. Along the crest are two very important anatomical landmarks:
:#'''Tuber Coxae''' or Coxal Tuberosity forms the palpable point of the hip.
:#'''Sacral Tuber''' is the thickened mediodorsal angle of the ilial wing.
The '''lateral''' surface of the wing provides a point of attachment for the gluteal muscles. The '''medial''' surface has two distinct parts:
The '''lateral''' surface of the wing provides a point of attachment for the gluteal muscles. The '''medial''' surface has two distinct parts:
:# The lateroventral part provides the point of insertion for many pelvic muscles.
:# The mediodorsal part articulates with the '''sacrum''' forming the '''sacroiliac joint'''.
The caudodorsal border of the wing is very concave and along its surface is the '''greater sciatic notch'''. This is where the '''sciatic nerve''' runs over the ilium.
The caudodorsal border of the wing is very concave and along its surface exists the '''greater sciatic notch'''. This is where the '''sciatic nerve''' runs over the ilium.
'''''Ilial Body'''''
'''''Ilial Body'''''
The Ischium can be divided into three main sections:
The Ischium can be divided into three main sections:
:#The '''body''' is part of the acetabulum. The dorsal border is continuous with that of the ilium forming the '''ischiatic spine''' which tapers towards the lesser sciatic notch.
:#The '''caudal plate''' extends cranially into the symphysial and acetabular branches, which form the caudal borders of the '''obturator foramen'''. The caudal section is thickened creating the '''ischial tuberosity''' that is a visible landmark in most animals. The medial caudal borders meet in a concave fashion forming a broad and deep notch called the '''ischial arch'''.
:#The '''medial branch''' forms the caudal section of the pelvic symphysis.
Click here for [[Ossification Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ossification centers of the ischium]].
Click here for [[Ossification Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ossification centers of the ischium]].
The pubis is an L shaped bone that makes up one of the three bones of the pelvis. It consists of three parts:
The pubis is an L shaped bone that makes up one of the three bones of the pelvis. It consists of three parts:
#'''Body'''
#Transerse '''acetabular branch''' the cranial edge of which is the '''pectin of pubis''' and forms the '''iliopubic emminence''', to which some of the abdominal muscles attach.
#Sagittal '''symphysial branch'''
The two pubis fuse at the cranial section of the '''pubic symphysis'''. Lying off the ventral surface of the symphysis is the '''ventral pubic tubercle'''. The pubis forms more than half the '''obturator foramen'''. This is an opening in the pelvic floor that allows the obturator nerve to pass through it; the foramen is closed by musculature and soft tissue.
The two pubis fuse at the cranial section of the '''pubic symphysis'''. Lying off the ventral surface of the symphysis is the '''ventral pubic tubercle'''. The pubis forms more than half the '''obturator foramen'''. This is an opening in the pelvic floor that allows the obturator nerve to pass through it. The foramen is closed by musculature and soft tissue.
Click here for the [[Ossification Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Pubis|ossification centers of the pubis]].
Click here for the [[Ossification Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Pubis|ossification centers of the pubis]].