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| | Examples: | | Examples: |
| − | ====Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and oedema (ABPEE)====
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| − | [[Image:Fog fever 1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|<small><center>Fog fever (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | [[Image:Fog fever 2.jpg|right|thumb|150px|<small><center>Fog fever (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | [[Image:Tracheal haemorrhage in fog fever.jpg|right|thumb|150px|<small><center>Tracheal haemorrhages in fog fever (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | *Synonym: '''fog fever'''
| + | ====[[Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema and Oedema]]==== |
| − | *Usually seen in adult beef cattle in the autumn as an outbreak
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| − | *Associated with a change in pasture (from dry to lush, green)
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| − | *Severe respiratory distress with laboured breathing and grunting on expiration
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| − | *Can result in [[Diffuse Fibrosing Alveolitis|diffuse fibrosing alveolitis]]
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| − | *Gross appearance is that of enlarged wet lungs, the interlobular septa are markedly widenedith [[Pulmonary Oedema|oedema]] and [[Pulmonary Emphysema|emphysema]]
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| − | *Underlying pathogenesis is ingestion of L-tryptophan in the pasture which is metabolised to 3-methylindole -> bloodstream -> lungs -> metabolised into a compound toxic to Type 1 pneumonocytes and non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelium
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| − | *Their loss allows massive flooding of the alveoli with a protein-rich fluid
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| − | *The sequence of events in the lung is as follows:
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| − | **Alveolar flooding with a protein-rich fluid due to the necrosis of Type 1 epithelium
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| − | **As the incoming air dries this fluid, fibrinous 'hyaline membranes' form
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| − | **Proliferation of the more resistant cuboidal Type 2 epithelium which line the alveoli, called 'epithelialisation'
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| − | **Then either there is
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| − | ***Digestion of the hyaline membranes by macrophages which when completed, allows some of the proliferated Type 2 epithelium to differentiate into Type 1 and reconstitute the functional respiratory unit - a normal alveolus
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| − | **Or
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| − | ***Organisation of the fibrin into fibrous tissue in the lumen - destroying the alveolus or proliferation of fibrous tissue in the alveolar wall with retention of the epithelialised appearance to the alveolus
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| − | *Sequel
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| − | **Residual scarring if animal survives initial onslaught
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| − | **In chronic exposures there may be extensive fibroplasia
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| − | *Ingestion of sweet potatoes ifested with ''Fusarium solani'' mould or pasture contaminated with stinkweed or purple mint, rapeseed and kale also cause pulmonary oedema, emphysema and interstitial pneumonia
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| − | [[Image:Paraquat poisoning.jpg|right|thumb|150px|<small><center>Paraquat poisoning (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| | ====[[Paraquat Poisoning]]==== | | ====[[Paraquat Poisoning]]==== |
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| − | ====Diffuse alveolitis==== | + | ====[[Diffuse Fibrosing Alveolitis|Diffuse alveolitis]]==== |
| − | [[Image:Diffuse fibrosing alveolitis.jpg|right|thumb|150px|<small><center>Diffuse fibrosing alveolitis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | |
| − | *Chronic disease of adult cattle occuring sporadically
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| − | *Probably caused by repeated subclinical incidents of fog fever or farmer's lung
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| − | *[[Extrinsic Allergic Bronchio-Alveolitis|'''Farmer's Lung''']]
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| − | **Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
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| − | **Hypersensitivity of ingested or inhaled moulds
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| − | **May occur as an outbreak or sporadically in adult cattle
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| − | *'''Hypersensitivity diseases''' often cause an lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
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| − | *Chronic interstitial pneumonia progresses to fibrosis
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| − | **Sometimes called '''pneumonitis'''
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| | [[Category:Pneumonia]] | | [[Category:Pneumonia]] |