Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
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* Blood samples may be taken from the peripheral ear vein and either examined as a '''wet smear or as a stained thin/thick smear'''. But, because levels of parasitemia fluctuate and in chronic cases can be low, it is often necessary to use a concentration method such as centrifugation and then look for trypanosomes in the blood buffy coat layer. Even this method
* Blood samples may be taken from the peripheral ear vein and either examined as a '''wet smear or as a stained thin/thick smear'''. But, because levels of parasitemia fluctuate and in chronic cases can be low, it is often necessary to use a concentration method such as centrifugation and then look for trypanosomes in the blood buffy coat layer. Even this method
may detect as little as one third of cases
may detect as little as one third of cases
* '''Serology tests''' such as CFT and ELISA have been used
* '''Serology tests''' such as [[CFT]] and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]] have been used
* Animal inoculation is not recommended as a diagnostic method on ethical grounds and in any case is not practicable in the field
* Animal inoculation is not recommended as a diagnostic method on ethical grounds and in any case is not practicable in the field
* ''T. equiperdum'' can be isolated from genital discharge or urticarial plaques. However, as many cases are asymptomatic, serology is the most reliable and practicable test. CFT has been the standard test used for ''T. equiperdum'', but should not be used where ''T. brucei spp.'' are present as crossreactions occur. In approximately 50% of cases donkey and mule sera show anti-complementarity. This can be reduced by dilution of the serum by half and heat inactivation at 60-63ºC for thirty minutes (OIE, 2004)
* ''T. equiperdum'' can be isolated from genital discharge or urticarial plaques. However, as many cases are asymptomatic, serology is the most reliable and practicable test. CFT has been the standard test used for ''T. equiperdum'', but should not be used where ''T. brucei spp.'' are present as crossreactions occur. In approximately 50% of cases donkey and mule sera show anti-complementarity. This can be reduced by dilution of the serum by half and heat inactivation at 60-63ºC for thirty minutes (OIE, 2004)