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[[Image:Theileria parva life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Theileria parva'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
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{{Taxobox
[[Image:Lymph node smear East Coast Fever.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lymph node smear of a cow with East Coast Fever - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]
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|name              = Theileria spp
[[Image:H and E stain brain East Coast Fever.jpg|thumb|right|150px|H and E stain of brain and meningal vessels of a cow with East Coast Fever - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]
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|kingdom            = Protista
[[Image:Theileria cervi.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Theileria cervi'' (deer) - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]#
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|sub-kingdom        =
 
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|phylum            =Protozoa
*Main species of veterinary importance is ''Theileria parva''
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|super-class        =
**Causes '''[[East Coast Fever]]'''
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|class              =
***Severe, proliferative lymphatic disease of cattle
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|sub-class          =
***Central and Eastern Africa
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|super-order        =
***Transmitted by [[Hard Ticks - Overseas|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']]
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|order              = Piroplasmorida
***[[Ticks#Disease Transmission|Trans-stadial]] transmission
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|sub-order          =
 
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|super-family      =
*Other ''Theileria'' species cause production losses in cattle and sheep in the Middle East, Mediterranean and in Northern Africa
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|family            = Theileriidae
 
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|sub-family        =
'''Life Cycle'''
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|genus              = Theileria
*Incubation phase lasts 1 week
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|species            = Theileria parva and others
 
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}}
*Lymphoblast proliferation
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**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] first infected then spreads through body
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**Occurs in week two
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*Lymphoid depletion
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**[[Lymphocytes - Introduction|Lymphocytes]] killed
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**Decreases lymphopoiesis
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**Occurs in week 3
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*Total incubation period takes about 18 days
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'''Diagnosis'''
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*Clinical signs
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**Pyrexia
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**Enlarged local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]]
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***Usually parotid [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] as [[Hard Ticks - Overseas|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']] feeds in the ear
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**Loss of condition
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*Examine Giemsa stained smears of:
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**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] aspirated for schizonts
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**Blood smears for piroplasms in red blood cells
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*Post-mortem
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**Pulmonary oedema
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**Gut mucosal haemorrhages
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**[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymph node]] and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|splenic]] cellular atrophy
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'''Control'''
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*Integrated control of both the [[Tick Control|tick vector]] and disease
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**[[Vaccines|Vaccination]] and [[Ectoparasiticides]]
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*Current [[Vaccines|vaccination]] is live unattentuated
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**Contains frozen stabilate of ground up tick gut containing infective sporozoites
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**Long lasting oxytetracycline administered at the same time to slow down schizogony giving the immune response time to develop
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''Theileria equi'' (formerly ''Babesia equi'') and ''Babesia caballi'' cause [[Babesiosis - Horse|babesiosis in horses]]
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[[Theileriosis - Cattle]]
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==Test yourself with the Piroplasmida Flashcards==
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[[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]]
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[[Category:Piroplasmida]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Steph]]
 
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