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|species            = Anaplasma marginale and others
 
|species            = Anaplasma marginale and others
 
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==Introduction==
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[[File:Anaplasmosis.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Rickettsial pathogens inside tick haemolymph cells. Source - Wikimedia Commons]]
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Anaplasma species are '''[[Category: Richettsiales | rickettsial]] [[Category:Bacteria | bacterial]]''' pathogens that reside within host '''[[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]]'''.
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Anaplasmas cause '''[[Anaplasmosis]]''' and have worldwide distribution due to their wide range of vectors. Disease is most common in '''tropical''' regions.
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==Lifecycle==
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Anaplasmas are transmitted by a wide range of '''[[Ticks | tick]]''' species and other insects including the '''[[Ceratopogonidae | Culicoides midge]]''' and other biting flies.
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'''Maturation''' can occur only in '''tick''' hosts, flys acting as solely '''mechanical''' vectors.
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Infectious bacteria reside and replicate within the '''salivary gland''' of the vector and are transmitted to mammalian hosts during bloodfeeding.
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Infected [[erythrocytes]] are disrupted and release bodies which can then invade other erythrocytes. These bodies form '''vacuoles''' within the cytoplasmic membranes of the [[erythrocytes | red blood cells]] and then undergo '''binary fission''' to form dense blue-purple round/cube shaped '''inclusion bodies'''.
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This '''amplifies''' infection within the host and increases the likelihood of transmission when insects bloodfeed.
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For more information on ticks as disease vectors, se [[Tick Disease Transmission]].
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==Pathogenesis==
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Anaplasmosis causes '''haemolytic [[Anaemia | anaemia]]''' by damaging [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].
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==Diseases==
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[[Anaplasmosis]] in domestic and wild ruminants and deer causes profound '''anaemia, emaciation, haematuria''' and consequent '''respiratory''' and '''neurological''' signs.
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==Anaplasma marginale==
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Most (70-80%) inclusion bodies are found at or close to the border of the erythrocyte.
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Infects '''cattle''' causing '''severe''' [[Anaplasmosis | anaplasmosis]].
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== Anaplasma centrale==
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Infects primarily cattle.
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Inclusion bodies tend to be central within the red blood cells.
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==Anaplasma mesaeterum and ovis==
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Infect mainly sheep and goats.
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Usually cause mild disease only.
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Inclusion bodies tend to be central within the red blood cells.
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==References==
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<references\>
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Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Anaplasma marginale datasheet''', accessed 04/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
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Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Anaplasmas datasheet''', accessed 04/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
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