Changes

{{Taxobox

{{Taxobox

|name              = Theileria spp

|name              = ''Theileria'' spp

|kingdom            = Protista

|kingdom            = Protista

|sub-kingdom        =

|sub-kingdom        =

|phylum            =Protozoa

|phylum            = [[:Category:Protozoa|Protozoa]]

|super-class        =

|super-class        =

|class              =

|class              =

|sub-family        =  

|sub-family        =  

|genus              = Theileria

|genus              = Theileria

|species            = Theileria parva and others

|species            = ''Theileria parva'' and others

}}

}}

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

''Theileria'' species are a group of '''[[Protozoa | protozoan]]''' pathogens causing severe '''lymphatic proliferative disease''' in cattle.

''Theileria'' species are a group of '''[[Protozoa | protozoan]]''' pathogens causing severe '''lymphatic proliferative disease''' in cattle.

==Lifecycle==

==Lifecycle==

''Theileria'' are transmitted via the [[Haemaphysalis spp.|''Haemaphysalis'']] and [[Rhipicephalus spp.|''Rhipicephalus'']] and [[Dermacentor spp.|''Dermacentor'']] species of '''[[Ticks|tick]] vectors'''.

''Theileria'' are transmitted via the ''Haemaphysalis'' and ''Rhipicephalus'' and ''Dermacentor'' species of '''[[Ticks | tick]] vectors'''.

   

   

'''Sporozoites''' enter '''mononuclear''' cells of the host and develop into '''trophozoites''' and multinucleate '''schizonts''' by '''asexual''' reproduction. This process stimulates proliferation of the host cells, allowing further multiplication of the parasite. The local '''[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]]''' are first infected.

'''Sporozoites''' enter '''mononuclear''' cells of the host and develop into '''trophozoites''' and multinucleate '''schizonts''' by '''asexual''' reproduction. This process stimulates proliferation of the host cells, allowing further multiplication of the parasite. The local '''[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]]''' are first infected.

Schizonts then '''disseminate''' through the '''[[Category:Primary Lymphoid Tissue | lymphoid tissues]]''' before differentiating into '''merozoites'''.

Schizonts then '''disseminate''' through the '''[[:Category:Primary Lymphoid Tissue | lymphoid tissues]]''' before differentiating into '''merozoites'''.

The merozoites enter the '''[[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]]''' and form '''piroplasms''' which are '''infective to ticks''' and capable of sexual reproduction.

The merozoites enter the '''[[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]]''' and form '''piroplasms''' which are '''infective to ticks''' and capable of sexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction occurs within the nymph and larval stages of the [[Ticks | tick]] and the final infective stage is present within the '''salivary glands''' and is transmitted to mammalian hosts when bloodfeeding.

Sexual reproduction occurs within the nymph and larval stages of the [[Ticks |tick]] and the final infective stage is present within the '''salivary glands''' and is transmitted to mammalian hosts when bloodfeeding.

Transmission in the tick is then '''[[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]]'''.

Transmission in the tick is then '''[[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]]'''.

==Diseases==

==Diseases==

<big><b>[[Theileriosis - Cattle |Bovine Theileriosis]]

 

 

[[Theileriosis - Cattle | Bovine Theileriosis]]

 

[[East Coast Fever]]

Primarily a parasite of '''African buffalo'''.  

==''Theileria parva''==

Also Known As:''' ''T. mutans'' and ''T. sergenti''.

Transmitted by a wide range of [[Ticks | tick]] hosts and also the burrowing mite, '''''[[Sarcoptes | Sarcoptes scabei]]'''''.

''T. parva is primarily a parasite of '''African buffalo''' and the cause of '''[[Theileriosis - Cattle | Bovine Theileriosis]]''' and '''[[East Coast Fever]]'''. It is transmitted by a wide range of [[Ticks |tick]] hosts and also the burrowing mite, '''''[[Sarcoptes | Sarcoptes scabei]]'''''.

The cause of '''[[Theileriosis - Cattle | Bovine Theileriosis]]''' and '''[[East Coast Fever]]'''

The protozoa form '''rod shaped''' piroplasms within host [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].

Forms '''rod shaped''' piroplasms within host [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].

''T. parva'' shows extreme antigenic diversity across its geographical distribution, although parasites isolated in different diseases are genetically identical.

Shows extreme antigenic diversity across its geographical distribution, although parasites isolated in different diseases are genetically identical.

Sheep and mice can also be infected.

Can also infect sheep and mice.

Also Known As: '''''T. dispar''

==Theileria annulata==

''T. annulata'' is also a cause of [[Theileriosis - Cattle |Bovine Theileriosis]]. The parasite infects '''[[Macrophages |macrophages]]''' and '''[[B cells| B Lymphocytes]]''' forming '''round or oval''' piroplasma within host [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].

Also Known As ''T. dispar''

It also infects sheep and yaks.

 

 

 

Also infects sheep and yaks

==References==

==References==

[[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]]

[[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]]

[[Category:Piroplasmida]]

[[Category:Piroplasmida]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_CABI review]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]