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<FlashCard questions="13">
<FlashCard questions="12">
|q1=What family do the ''Toroviruses'' belong to?
|q1=What family do the ''Toroviruses'' belong to?
|a1=''Coronaviridae''
|a1=''Coronaviridae''
Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk.
Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk.
|l6= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|l6= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|q7= What are the clinical signs of the torovirus in cats?
|a7=
*Diarrhoea
*Protruding nictating membranes
|l7= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|q8= What are the clinical signs of the torovirus in pigs?
|a8=
Pigs can shed the torovirus without showing any symptoms of disease.
|l8= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|q9= How is the ''Torovirus'' transmitted?
|a9=
It is presumed that it is spread via the faecal-oral route and spread through subclinical or chronically infected cattle.
|l9= Toroviruses#Epidemiology
|q10= What is the distribution of the ''Torovirus''?
|a910=
Worldwide in cattle and horses.
|l10= Toroviruses#Distribution
|q11= What is the distribution of the ''Torovirus''?
|a11=
Worldwide in cattle and horses.
|l11= Toroviruses#Distribution
|q12= How is the ''Torovirus'' detected?
|a12=
Diagnostic methods include a combination of:
*Electron microscopy
*Immuno-electron microscopy (IEM)- which can differentiate the ''Toroviruses'' from ''Coronaviruses'
*Haemagglutination inhibition
*ELISA.
l12= Toroviruses#Diagnosis
|q13= What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall?
|a13=
*Villus fusion
*Villus atrophy
*Thinning of intestinal wall
l13= Toroviruses#Diagnosis
|q14= How do you treat for ''Torovirus'' infections?
|a14=
There is no specific treatment; only supportive fluid treatment for diarrhoea and antibiotics for secondary infections.
l14= Toroviruses#Treatment
|q15= How do you control''Toroviruses''?
|a15=
*Isolation of infected animals
*Good hygiene and sanitary measures
l15= Toroviruses#Control
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
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