1,671 bytes added ,  14:41, 6 July 2011
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===Associated Problems===<!----Write below this line--->
 
===Associated Problems===<!----Write below this line--->
 
Clostridia.  Listeriosis.  Acidosis.  Poor fermentation (pH > 4.8) or too acidic (pH < 3.8).
 
Clostridia.  Listeriosis.  Acidosis.  Poor fermentation (pH > 4.8) or too acidic (pH < 3.8).
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==Clovers and Lucerne==
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===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line--->
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Clovers are either white or red varieties.  Clovers and Lucerne (aka Alfalfa) have a higher protein concentration and a higher mineral concentration (e.g. calcium) than grasses.  Lucerne can be grazed or conserved as a monoculture.  Lucernes also have a higher protein concentration than grasses.  Legume silages tend to be more difficult to achieve a good fermentation, inoculants are usually required.   
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<br>
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
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|-
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|Clover || 18 - 20 || 9 - 10.5 || 170 - 250
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|-
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|Lucerne || 22 - 25 || 8 - 10.5 || 150 - 200
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|-
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|Lucerne Hay || 84 - 88 || 8 - 10.5 || 200 - 225
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|}
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<br>
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===Associated Problems===<!----Write below this line--->
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Bloat (frothy).  Red clovers and some Lucerne varieties may also contain significant levels of phytoestrogens that cause subfertility. 
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<br><br><br>
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==Kale and Rape== <!----Write below this line--->
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===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line--->
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Kale and rape are considered good, digestible fodder.  They have a higher protein concentration, carbohydrate concentration and calcium concentration than grasses.  Rape has a higher protein concentration than kale.     
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<br>
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
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|-
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|Kale || 14 || 11 || 160
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|-
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|Rape || 14 || 9.5 || 200
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|}
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DM (%) ME (MJ/kg DM) CP (g/kg DM)
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Kale 14 11 160
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Rape 14 9.5 200
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<br>
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====Associated Problems====<!----Write below this line--->
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Goitrogenic.  Haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria.  Feed to pregnant ewes with caution (can observe malformed, dead lambs at parturition).
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<br><br><br>
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