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Diagnosis is obtained following '''endoscopic examination''' of the guttural pouches and observation of white-yellow-black mycotic plaques on the mucosal surface of the guttural pouches. Care must be taken whilst performing endoscopy due to the risk of dislodgement of a thrombus on the affected artery.
Diagnosis is obtained following '''endoscopic examination''' of the guttural pouches and observation of white-yellow-black mycotic plaques on the mucosal surface of the guttural pouches. Care must be taken whilst performing endoscopy due to the risk of dislodgement of a thrombus on the affected artery.
=== Birds ===
'''Endoscopy''' allows visualisation of the fungus and is the fastest and simplest way to obtain a tentative diagnosis. '''Culture''' of the lesions is required for definitive diagnosis.
== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
Antifungal agents are currently unlicensed and management of the disease usually relies on preventative measures such as ensuring clean bedding and good husbandry.
Antifungal agents are currently unlicensed and management of the disease usually relies on preventative measures such as ensuring clean bedding and good husbandry.
=== Birds ===
Birds should be treated with both '''anti-fungal drugs''' and '''F10 disinfectant''', delivered '''nebulisation'''. This treatment should continue for a minimum of 6 weeks up to a period of 6 months, therefore cost considerations may need to be discussed with the owners. Following the cessation of treatment, '''repeat endoscopy''' should be repeated to ensure the disease has resolved. Aspergillosis of the syrinx may present as an emergency due to obstruction of the airway. This required surgical removal of the fungal growths. An air sac tube may be placed to stabilise the bird prior to planned surgery, and endoscopy should be performed on the lungs and air sacs to assess the spread of the fungus and provide a prognosis (poor with further spread) before surgery is performed. A '''low dust level''', '''high quality feed''' and frequent '''F10 fogging''' can help to '''prevent''' the disease.
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{{Learning
{{Learning
[[Category:Respiratory_Fungal_Infections]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:Expert_Review]][[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Horse]]
[[Category:Respiratory_Fungal_Infections]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:Expert_Review]][[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Horse]]
[[Category:To Do - Manson]]
[[Category:To Do - Manson]]
[[Category:To Do - Siobhan Brade]]