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| + | |book = Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Q&A}} |
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| Yes, because deep pain sensation is not lost until after voluntary motor movement is lost. | | Yes, because deep pain sensation is not lost until after voluntary motor movement is lost. |
− | |l1= | + | |l1=Neurological Examination - Dog & Cat#Nociception |
| |q2=How do you perform a deep pain response test, and what constitutes a positive deep pain response? | | |q2=How do you perform a deep pain response test, and what constitutes a positive deep pain response? |
− | |a2= | + | |a2=Neurological Examination - Dog & Cat#Nociception |
| By applying a noxious stimulus, e.g. hemostats on the toes (to ‘crunch bone’). | | By applying a noxious stimulus, e.g. hemostats on the toes (to ‘crunch bone’). |
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| Conscious reaction to the stimulus, such as crying and turning to bite at the stimulus, constitutes a positive deep pain response. | | Conscious reaction to the stimulus, such as crying and turning to bite at the stimulus, constitutes a positive deep pain response. |
− | |l2= | + | |l2=Neurological Examination - Dog & Cat#Nociception |
| |q3=Where is the lesion based on this radiograph? (Assume that there are 13 ribs bilaterally.) | | |q3=Where is the lesion based on this radiograph? (Assume that there are 13 ribs bilaterally.) |
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| The T12–T13 intervertebral disc space. | | The T12–T13 intervertebral disc space. |
− | |l3= | + | |l3=Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| |q4=List six plain film radiographic signs of acute thoracolumbar disc extrusions. (Do not assume that all of these radiographic signs are present in this case.) | | |q4=List six plain film radiographic signs of acute thoracolumbar disc extrusions. (Do not assume that all of these radiographic signs are present in this case.) |
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| *disc material in the spinal canal (cloudiness of the ‘horse’s head’); | | *disc material in the spinal canal (cloudiness of the ‘horse’s head’); |
| *narrowing between articular facets. | | *narrowing between articular facets. |
− | |l4= | + | |l4=Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| |q5=What contrast radiographic study is used to localize the surgical lesion definitively? | | |q5=What contrast radiographic study is used to localize the surgical lesion definitively? |
| |a5= | | |a5= |
| Myelography. | | Myelography. |
− | |l5= | + | |l5=Intervertebral Disc Degeneration#Diagnosis |
| |q6=What are the three potential sources of pain in intervertebral disc disease? | | |q6=What are the three potential sources of pain in intervertebral disc disease? |
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| *discogenic pain (via pain receptors in the annulus fibrosus and dorsal longitudinal ligament); | | *discogenic pain (via pain receptors in the annulus fibrosus and dorsal longitudinal ligament); |
| *meningeal pain. | | *meningeal pain. |
− | |l6= | + | |l6=Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| |q7=Why is paresis/paralysis less common with acute cervical intervertebral disc disease than with acute thoracolumbar disc disease? | | |q7=Why is paresis/paralysis less common with acute cervical intervertebral disc disease than with acute thoracolumbar disc disease? |
| |a7= | | |a7= |
| Because there is a smaller ratio of spinal cord diameter to vertebral canal diameter. | | Because there is a smaller ratio of spinal cord diameter to vertebral canal diameter. |
− | |l7= | + | |l7=Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| |q8=Give two reasons why corticosteroids must be used cautiously in acute intervertebral disc disease. | | |q8=Give two reasons why corticosteroids must be used cautiously in acute intervertebral disc disease. |
| |a8= | | |a8= |
| *Corticosteroids can produce euphoria, allowing for ‘pain-free’ movement by the animal which may potentiate further disc extrusion. | | *Corticosteroids can produce euphoria, allowing for ‘pain-free’ movement by the animal which may potentiate further disc extrusion. |
| *GI side-effects such as erosions or ulcerations can occur with corticosteroid use. Colonic ulceration has been reported in dogs with intervertebral disc disease treated with corticosteroids. | | *GI side-effects such as erosions or ulcerations can occur with corticosteroid use. Colonic ulceration has been reported in dogs with intervertebral disc disease treated with corticosteroids. |
− | |l8= | + | |l8=Intervertebral Disc Degeneration#Treatment |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
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