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== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
=== Dogs ===
=== Dogs ===
The treatment of choice is topical application of the anti-fungal agent Clotrimazole. It is administered for one hour under general anaesthetic via indwelling catheters placed in the frontal sinus. Several treatments may be required. For cases that are non-responsive to Clotrimazole, treatment with Enilconazole may be attempted but this is associated with a higher complication rate.
Several different treatment options are available.
Ketoconazole can be administered '''orally''' for 6-8 weeks. Itraconazole has also been used. This can be effective in up to 50% of cases.
Another non-invasive option includes '''infusion''' of enilconazole or clotrimazole into the '''external nares''' whilst occluding the nasopharynx. The animal is first placed in dorsal recumbency, then switched to ventral recumbency and any fluid is allowed to drain from the nose. This technique may not be effective and may lead to aspiration pneumonia or oesophagitis from leakage of the agent.
The treatment of choice is topical application of the anti-fungal agent Clotrimazole. It is administered for one hour under general anaesthetic via indwelling '''catheters placed in the frontal sinus'''. Several treatments may be required. For cases that are non-responsive to Clotrimazole, treatment with Enilconazole may be attempted but this is associated with a higher complication rate.
=== Horses ===
=== Horses ===
|flashcards = [[Systemic Mycoses - Flashcards#Aspergillosis|Aspergillosis Flashcards]]
|flashcards = [[Systemic Mycoses - Flashcards#Aspergillosis|Aspergillosis Flashcards]]
[[Cytology Q&A 12]]
[[Cytology Q&A 12]]
[[Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery Q&A 11]]
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(cats) Aspergillosis in cats publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(horses) Aspergillosis in horses publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(cattle) Aspergillosis in cattle publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(birds) Aspergillosis in birds publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(sheep) Aspergillosis in sheep publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(goats) Aspergillosis in goats publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(pigs) Aspergillosis in pigs publications]<br><br><br>
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(cats) Aspergillosis in cats publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(horses) Aspergillosis in horses publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(cattle) Aspergillosis in cattle publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(birds) Aspergillosis in birds publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(sheep) Aspergillosis in sheep publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(goats) Aspergillosis in goats publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(Aspergillosis)+AND+od:(pigs) Aspergillosis in pigs publications]<br><br><br>
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2007/20073017469.pdf '''Aspergillosis: a sapromycotic zoonosis.''' Mahendra Pal; Pratibha Dave; Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India, Intas Polivet, 2006, 7, 2, pp 421-428, 44 ref.]
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2007/20073017469.pdf '''Aspergillosis: a sapromycotic zoonosis.''' Mahendra Pal; Pratibha Dave; Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India, Intas Polivet, 2006, 7, 2, pp 421-428, 44 ref.]