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Actinobacillus species (view source)
Revision as of 11:47, 21 December 2007
, 11:47, 21 December 2007no edit summary
<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
===Overview===
===Overview===
*Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia especially of pigs under 6 months
*Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia especially of pigs under 6 months
*Endemic in UK
*Endemic in UK
*12 serotypes causing the same disease
*12 serotypes causing the same disease
*Different serotypes in different regions, with serotypes 3,6 and 8 the most common in the UK
*Different serotypes in different regions, with serotypes 3,6 and 8 the most common in the UK
**No growth on MacConkey agar
**No growth on MacConkey agar
**Positive CAMP reaction with [[Staphylococcus spp.|''Staphylococcus aureus'']]
**Positive CAMP reaction with [[Staphylococcus spp.|''Staphylococcus aureus'']]
**Most strains are NAD-dependent (grow on Heated Blood agar)
**Immunofluorescent- or PCR-based techniques
**The bacteria on the palatine tonsil may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing, and can therefore cause an outbreak in naive pigs
**The bacteria on the palatine tonsil may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing, and can therefore cause an outbreak in naive pigs
**Killed and bacterin vaccines are available
*Treatment:
**Antibiotics depending on the strain of bacteria
**Prophylactic antibiotics for in-contact pigs
*Control:
**Killed and polyvalent bacterin vaccines as well as a subunit vaccine are available
**Improve ventilation, avoid chilling and overcrowding
===''Actinobacillus equuli''===
===''Actinobacillus equuli''===
*Commensal of the equine intestinal mucosa
*Commensal of the equine intestinal and reproductive tract
*Infection at birth causes severe enteritis and septicaemia within 24 hours, known as sleepy foal disease
*Pathogenesis and clinical signs:
*In foals that survive neonatal infection the condition progresses to cause joint infections and purulent nephritis
**Foals infected ''in utero'' or or after birth via the umbilicus
*''A. equuli'' in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
**Infection at birth causes severe enteritis and septicaemia within 24 hours, known as sleepy foal disease
*Abortion in mares
**Foals become pyrexic and recumbent
*Septicaemia in piglets
**Death usually occurs within 1-2 days
*Arthritis and enteritis in pigs
**In foals that survive neonatal infection the condition progresses to cause joint infections and purulent nephritis, enteritis or pneumonia
*Enteritis in calves
**''A. equuli'' in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
*RTX group cytotoxin present
**Abortion, septicaemia and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In horses|peritonitis in horses]]
*Diagnosis:
**Specimens cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar and incubated aerobically for 1-3 days
**Sticky colonies with variable haemolysis on blood agar
**Lactose-fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar
*Treatment and control:
**Antimicrobials ineffective unless early in course of disease
**Blood trasfusion and administration of colostrum
**Good hygiene
**Consider prophylactic antibiotics for new-born foals
**Bacteria susceptible to streptomycin, tetracyclines and ampicillin
*In other animals:
**Septicaemia in piglets
**Arthritis and enteritis in pigs
**Enteritis in calves
**RTX group cytotoxin present