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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Filaroides osleri is a metastrongyloid nematode that lives in '''granulomatous nodules''' located on the mucosal surface of the '''distal trachea, tracheal bifurcation and first division bronchi''' in '''dogs''' and wild canid species.
''Filaroides osleri'' is a [[:Category:Metastrongyloidea|metastrongyloid]] nematode that lives in '''granulomatous nodules''' located on the mucosal surface of the '''distal trachea, tracheal bifurcation and first division bronchi''' in '''dogs''' and wild canid species.
==Identification==
==Identification==
==Life Cycle==
==Life Cycle==
This is a direct life cycle, so forms the exception in the superfamily [[Category:Metastrongyloidea|''Metastrongyloidea'']]. The females are ovo-viviparous. The eggs are laid, and hatch within the trachea. They then transform into the larvae, which are coughed up and swallowed. They enter the intestine, and are passed out in the faeces.
This is a direct life cycle, so forms the exception in the superfamily [[:Category:Metastrongyloidea|'''Metastrongyloidea''']]. The females are ovo-viviparous. The eggs are laid, and hatch within the trachea. They then transform into the larvae, which are coughed up and swallowed. They enter the intestine, and are passed out in the faeces.
The bitch may transfer the larvae to the pup '''during grooming''', or infection may come about via '''ingestion of the larvae'''. The larvae '''mature and travel to the lungs'''.
The bitch may transfer the larvae to the pup '''during grooming''', or infection may come about via '''ingestion of the larvae'''. The larvae '''mature and travel to the lungs'''.
The prepatent period is '''10-18 weeks'''.
The prepatent period is '''10-18 weeks'''.
==Clinical signs==
==Clinical Signs==
The primary clinical signs is a '''chronic cough'''.
The primary clinical sign is a '''chronic cough'''. Progressively enlarging granulomatous nodules may obstruct airflow and lead to signs such as '''exercise intolerance, dyspnoea or even death'''.
Progressively enlarging granulomatous nodules may obstruct airflow and lead to signs such as '''exercise intolerance, dyspnoea or even death'''.
'''Spontaneous pneumothorax''' can occur extremely rarely.
'''Spontaneous pneumothorax''' can occur extremely rarely.
In a '''breeding colony''', bitches should be '''treated before whelping''', and pups should be separated from older infected dogs to prevent horizontal transmission by ingestion of infected faeces. In infected dogs, good hygiene is essential, and pups could be '''hand-raised''' or foster-reared on uninfected bitches.
In a '''breeding colony''', bitches should be '''treated before whelping''', and pups should be separated from older infected dogs to prevent horizontal transmission by ingestion of infected faeces. In infected dogs, good hygiene is essential, and pups could be '''hand-raised''' or foster-reared on uninfected bitches.
{{Learning
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Filaroides+osleri%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=OR&q2=%22Osterus+osleri%22&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=51&y=13&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Filaroides osleri'' publications]
}}
==References==
==References==
Pinckney, R. D. (2000) '''Canine Filaroides infection in Companion and Exotic Animal Parasitology''' ''IVIS publication''
Pinckney, R. D. (2000) '''Canine Filaroides infection in Companion and Exotic Animal Parasitology''' ''IVIS publication''
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[[Category:Metastrongyloidea]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]]
[[Category:Metastrongyloidea]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]]
[[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]]
[[Category:Expert_Review]]
[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]]
[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]]
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:To Do - Helen]]