Changes

====Killing====

====Killing====

<p>This occurs using either oxygen dependant pathways or oxygen independent pathways.</p>

<p>This occurs using either oxygen dependant pathways or oxygen independent pathways.</p>

<p>Oxygen dependant killing requires the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)(O₂^-), hydrogen peroxide (OH) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (nitric oxide (NO)) and chlorine (Cl*) free-radicals that damage bacterial membranes (OH + Cl* = HOCl (otherwise known as bleach!)) . These reactive species are generated during a burst of respiration following [[Phagocytosis|phagocytosis]] where increased amounts of oxygen are produced. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is also produced during this process.</p>

<p>Oxygen dependant killing requires the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)(O₂^-), hydrogen peroxide (OH), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (nitric oxide (NO)) and chlorine (Cl*) free-radicals that damage bacterial membranes (OH + Cl* = HOCl (otherwise known as bleach!)) . These reactive species are generated during a burst of respiration following [[Phagocytosis|phagocytosis]] where increased amounts of oxygen are produced. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is also produced during this process.</p>

<p>Oxygen independent killing uses lysosomes, cathepsin (a protease) and other mechanisms. Lysozymes are particularly effective against gram positive bacteria as they hydrolyse the glycopeptide coating of the bacterial organisms. </p>

<p>Oxygen independent killing uses lysosomes, cathepsin (a protease) and other mechanisms. Lysozymes are particularly effective against gram positive bacteria as they hydrolyse the glycopeptide coating of the bacterial organisms. </p>