Changes

Cytokines primarily produced by '''macrophages''':

Cytokines primarily produced by '''macrophages''':

*GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor)- stimulates growth and differentiation of granulocytes, macrophages, [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] and eosinophils

*GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor)- stimulates growth and differentiation of granulocytes, macrophages, [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] and eosinophils

*IL-1- stimulates Th2 cells and acute phase response

*IL-1 - stimulates Th2 cells and acute phase response

*IL-6- stimulates growth and differentiation of B and T cells and acute phase response

*IL-6 - stimulates growth and differentiation of B and T cells and acute phase response

*IL-12- stimulates Th1 cells

*IL-12 - stimulates Th1 cells

*IL-18- stimulates IFN-gamma production by T cells and NK cells, favours Th1 response

*IL-18 - stimulates IFN-gamma production by T cells and NK cells, favours Th1 response

*TNF-α- stimulates local inflammation and endothelial activation

*TNF-α - stimulates local inflammation and endothelial activation

Cytokines primarily produced by '''Th1 cells''':

Cytokines primarily produced by '''Th1 cells''':

*IL-2- stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, activates NK cells and macrophages

*IL-2 - stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, activates NK cells and macrophages

*IFN-γ- activates macrophages, increases expression of MHC I and II molecules, increases antigen presentation

*IFN-γ - activates macrophages, increases expression of MHC I and II molecules, increases antigen presentation

*TNF-β- stimlulates killing mechanisms in T and B cells and endothelial activation

*TNF-β - stimlulates killing mechanisms in T and B cells and endothelial activation

Cytokines primarily produced by '''Th2 cells''':

Cytokines primarily produced by '''Th2 cells''':

*IL-4- activates B cells and [[IgE]] switch, supresses Th1 cells

*IL-4 - activates B cells and [[IgE]] switch, supresses Th1 cells

*IL-5- stimulates eosinophil growth and differentiation

*IL-5 - stimulates eosinophil growth and differentiation

*IL-10- suppresses macrophage functions

*IL-10 - suppresses macrophage functions

Although [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] produce a lower amount of cytokines per cell than other immune cell types, they are often the first and most common cell type present at sites of infection. This makes them a physiologically important source of cytokines, such as IL-12.

Although [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] produce a lower amount of cytokines per cell than other immune cell types, they are often the first and most common cell type present at sites of infection. This makes them a physiologically important source of cytokines, such as IL-12.