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[[Image:PRRs.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pattern Recognition Receptors - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]]
 
[[Image:PRRs.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pattern Recognition Receptors - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]]
* The innate immune system recognises components of pathogens which are intrinsically foreign (i.e. not present on normal mammalian cells), such as:
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The innate immune system recognises components of pathogens which are intrinsically foreign (i.e. not present on normal mammalian cells), such as:
 
**Lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria
 
**Lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria
 
**Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria
 
**Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria
 
**Mannose sugars
 
**Mannose sugars
 
**D-isoform amino acids
 
**D-isoform amino acids
*These are given away as foreign by expressing '''pathogen-associated molecular patterns''' (PAMPs)
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These are known to the body as foreign as they are expressed as '''pathogen-associated molecular patterns''' (PAMPs)
 
* PAMPs are recognised by '''pattern recognition receptors''' (PRRs) expressed on mammalian cells
 
* PAMPs are recognised by '''pattern recognition receptors''' (PRRs) expressed on mammalian cells
 
** Pattern recognition receptors are expressed on many different cell types, not just on phagocytes
 
** Pattern recognition receptors are expressed on many different cell types, not just on phagocytes
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| Carbohydrates, all bacteria, dead cells
 
| Carbohydrates, all bacteria, dead cells
 
|-
 
|-
| fmlf
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| fMLP
 
| Soluble
 
| Soluble
 
| Formyl peptides (i.e. all bacteria)
 
| Formyl peptides (i.e. all bacteria)
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