Line 13: |
Line 13: |
| [[Image:B Cell viral response.jpg|thumb|right|200px|B Cell Immunity to Viruses - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]] | | [[Image:B Cell viral response.jpg|thumb|right|200px|B Cell Immunity to Viruses - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]] |
| | | |
− | *Antibodies- these are particularly important in preventing the spread of the virus in the bloodstream | + | *Antibodies - these are particularly important in preventing the spread of the virus in the bloodstream |
| **[[IgA]] production is increased at mucosal surfaces- helps prevent reinfection | | **[[IgA]] production is increased at mucosal surfaces- helps prevent reinfection |
| **Although antibodies that target any viral protein can be produced, only those directed against proteins found in the virion envelope or infected cell membrane will be effective | | **Although antibodies that target any viral protein can be produced, only those directed against proteins found in the virion envelope or infected cell membrane will be effective |
Line 19: |
Line 19: |
| **When targeting virus-infected cells, they aid antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by NK cells, macrophages and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] | | **When targeting virus-infected cells, they aid antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by NK cells, macrophages and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] |
| | | |
− | *Complement- although not considered a major factor in defence against viruses, complement is able to damage the virion envelope (virolysis) | + | *Complement - although not considered a major factor in defence against viruses, complement is able to damage the virion envelope (virolysis) |
| **Coupled with antibody, complement is also able to: | | **Coupled with antibody, complement is also able to: |
| ***block the virus receptor | | ***block the virus receptor |
Line 26: |
Line 26: |
| [[Image:T Cell viral response.jpg|thumb|right|200px|T Cell Immunity to Viruses - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]] | | [[Image:T Cell viral response.jpg|thumb|right|200px|T Cell Immunity to Viruses - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]] |
| *T cells | | *T cells |
− | **CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are particularly important as nearly all the cells in the body express MHC class I. They tend to focus at the site of viral replication and destroy virus-infected cells. | + | **CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T cells are particularly important as nearly all the cells in the body express MHC class I. They tend to focus at the site of viral replication and destroy virus-infected cells. |
− | **CD4+ T cells are important in the recruitment of macrophages, using cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF, and the induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells | + | **CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are important in the recruitment of macrophages, using cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF, and the induction of CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T cells |
− | **The presence of CD4+ T cells is also vital for the antibody response, i.e. class-switching and affinity development | + | **The presence of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells is also vital for the antibody response, i.e. class-switching and affinity development |
| *For more on the adaptive response to viruses, see [[Adaptive Immunity to Viruses]] | | *For more on the adaptive response to viruses, see [[Adaptive Immunity to Viruses]] |
| | | |