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| ===Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Joint=== | | ===Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Joint=== |
− | The fetlock joint is the articulation between the trochlea of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone), the proximal phalanx and the proximal sesamoid bones; it allows flexion and extension movements. The joint capsule is divided into a dorsal and palmar pouch. The dorsal pouch extends between [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone) and the common digital extensor tendon. The palmar pouch lies between [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone) and the suspensory ligament. It has an extensive bursa under the common digital extensor tendon, continuing a quarter of the length up the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]]. This joint is associated with a pair of proximal sesamoid bones on the palmar surface. Between the sesamoids, in a groove, lies articular cartilage which articulates with the sagittal ridge of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]]. The joint capsule runs between all bones in the joint and attaches to the articular cartilage of the sesamoids. | + | The fetlock joint is the articulation between the trochlea of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone), the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and the proximal sesamoid bones; it allows flexion and extension movements. The joint capsule is divided into a dorsal and palmar pouch. The dorsal pouch extends between [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone) and the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]. The palmar pouch lies between [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone) and the suspensory ligament. It has an extensive bursa under the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]], continuing a quarter of the length up the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]]. This joint is associated with a pair of proximal sesamoid bones on the palmar surface. Between the sesamoids, in a groove, lies articular cartilage which articulates with the sagittal ridge of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]]. The joint capsule runs between all bones in the joint and attaches to the articular cartilage of the sesamoids. |
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| Ligamentous support: | | Ligamentous support: |
| *'''Collateral ligaments''' bind the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|metacarpal bone]] to the proximal phalanx, with a deep branch attaching to the sesamoid bone. | | *'''Collateral ligaments''' bind the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|metacarpal bone]] to the proximal phalanx, with a deep branch attaching to the sesamoid bone. |
| *'''Palmar/intersesamoidean ligament''' is a mass of fibrocartilage that embeds the sesamoid bones. The palmar aspect of it forms a groove for the deep flexor tendon to run in, allowing frictionless movement. | | *'''Palmar/intersesamoidean ligament''' is a mass of fibrocartilage that embeds the sesamoid bones. The palmar aspect of it forms a groove for the deep flexor tendon to run in, allowing frictionless movement. |
− | *'''Collateral sesamoid ligaments''' connect the outer aspect of the sesamoids to the proximal phalanx and there is a distinct branch that attaches to the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]]. | + | *'''Collateral sesamoid ligaments''' connect the outer aspect of the sesamoids to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and there is a distinct branch that attaches to the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]]. |
| *'''Distal sesamoid ligaments''' are a collection of ligaments that are very marked in the horse and connect the distal surface of the sesamoids to the palmar aspect of the[[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy|phalanx]]. These ligaments include the '''short ligaments''', '''cruciate ligaments''', '''oblique ligament''', '''straight ligament''' and the '''palmar annular ligament'''. | | *'''Distal sesamoid ligaments''' are a collection of ligaments that are very marked in the horse and connect the distal surface of the sesamoids to the palmar aspect of the[[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy|phalanx]]. These ligaments include the '''short ligaments''', '''cruciate ligaments''', '''oblique ligament''', '''straight ligament''' and the '''palmar annular ligament'''. |
| ** The '''short ligaments''' connect the axial base of the sesamoids to the lateral/medial aspect on the palmar margin of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]. These are the deepest of the ligaments. | | ** The '''short ligaments''' connect the axial base of the sesamoids to the lateral/medial aspect on the palmar margin of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]. These are the deepest of the ligaments. |
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| ** The '''oblique ligament''' is a triangular shaped ligament, the base of which attaches to the sesamoids and their interconnecting ligament and the point attaches to the rough palmar aspect of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]. It is superficial to the cruciates. | | ** The '''oblique ligament''' is a triangular shaped ligament, the base of which attaches to the sesamoids and their interconnecting ligament and the point attaches to the rough palmar aspect of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]. It is superficial to the cruciates. |
| ** The '''straight ligament''' proximally attaches like the oblique, but attaches as a flat band to the edge of the complementary fibrocartilage of the proximal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]. | | ** The '''straight ligament''' proximally attaches like the oblique, but attaches as a flat band to the edge of the complementary fibrocartilage of the proximal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]. |
− | ** The '''palmar annular ligament''' wraps around the sesamoids, flexor tendons and their associated sheaths. | + | ** The '''palmar annular ligament''' wraps around the sesamoids, [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|flexor tendons]] and their associated sheaths. |
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