Changes

The rump muscles are also made up of a number of different muscle groups and have considerably more groups than the girdle muscles. They extend between the ilium and the thigh. These muscles are particularly large in the horse, providing the power for forward locomotion.

The rump muscles are also made up of a number of different muscle groups and have considerably more groups than the girdle muscles. They extend between the [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium|ilium]] and the thigh. These muscles are particularly large in the horse, providing the power for forward locomotion.

'''''Superficial Gluteal'''''

'''''Superficial Gluteal'''''

:'''Innervation''': Caudal gluteal n.

:'''Innervation''': Caudal gluteal n.

:'''Origin''': Gluteal fascia

:'''Origin''': Gluteal fascia

:'''Insertion''': Unites with the ''tensor fascia lata'', passing over the greater trochanter and attaching on the third trochanter with radiations to the femoral fascia.  A synovial bursa exists between the tendinous insertion and the third trochanter.  

:'''Insertion''': Unites with the ''tensor fascia lata'', passing over the greater trochanter and attaching on the third trochanter of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]] with radiations to the femoral fascia.  A synovial bursa exists between the tendinous insertion and the third trochanter.  

:'''Action''': Extends the hip, retracts the limb and supports outward rotation

:'''Action''': Extends the hip, retracts the limb and supports outward rotation

::Deep - Greater trochanter and intertrochanteric crest

::Deep - Greater trochanter and intertrochanteric crest

::Superficial - Greater trochanter

::Superficial - Greater trochanter

:'''Action''': Poweful hip extensor, retracts and abducts the limb. Transfers the power of the hindlimb to the trunk, allowing the horse to rear up.

:'''Action''': Poweful [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] extensor, retracts and abducts the limb. Transfers the power of the hindlimb to the trunk, allowing the horse to rear up.

'''''Deep Gluteal'''''

'''''Deep Gluteal'''''

: Deepest of the gluteals, directly overlying the coxofemoral (hip) joint

: Deepest of the gluteals, directly overlying the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|coxafemoral]] (hip) joint

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Origin''': Lateral ilium

:'''Origin''': Lateral [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium|ilium]]

:'''Insertion''': Greater trochanter of the femur

:'''Insertion''': Greater trochanter of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]]

:'''Action''': Supports the middle gluteal to abduct the limb

:'''Action''': Supports the middle gluteal to abduct the limb

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Origin''': Last sacral vertebra, sacrotuberous ligament

:'''Origin''': Last sacral vertebra, sacrotuberous ligament

:'''Insertion''': Passes over the greater trochanter of the femur to insert via a seperate tendon to that of the middle gluteal on the caudal femur.

:'''Insertion''': Passes over the greater trochanter of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]] to insert via a seperate tendon to that of the middle gluteal on the caudal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]].

:'''Action''': Extends the hip and abducts the limb

:'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and abducts the limb

'''''Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata'''''

'''''Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata'''''

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Origin''': Tuber coxae, extending distally on the cranial border of the ''quadriceps'' muscle

:'''Origin''': Tuber coxae, extending distally on the cranial border of the ''quadriceps'' muscle

:'''Insertion''': Combines with the fascia lata and so indirectly attaches to the patella, lateral patellar ligament and cranial border of the tibia. A caudodorsal detachment joins the superficial gluteal and so attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur.

:'''Insertion''': Combines with the fascia lata and so indirectly attaches to the patella, lateral patellar ligament and cranial border of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]]. A caudodorsal detachment joins the superficial gluteal and so attaches to the greater trochanter of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]].

:'''Action''' Tenses the fascia lata, indirectly flexing the hip and extending the stifle. Advances the limb during the swing phase of the stride.  

:'''Action''' Tenses the fascia lata, indirectly flexing the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and extending the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Stifle Joint|stifle]]. Advances the limb during the swing phase of the stride.  

'''''Biceps Femoris'''''

'''''Biceps Femoris'''''

:'''Origin''':  

:'''Origin''':  

::Cranial: Spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae, caudal border of the sacrotuberous ligament  

::Cranial: Spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae, caudal border of the sacrotuberous ligament  

::Caudal: Ischial tuberosity

::Caudal: [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|Ischial tuberosity]]

:'''Insertion''': The two bellies then unite and redivide into three parts that form an extensive aponeurosis.

:'''Insertion''': The two bellies then unite and redivide into three parts that form an extensive aponeurosis.

::Cranial - Just distal to the third trochanter on the lateral aspect of the femur, patella, patellar ligament

::Cranial - Just distal to the third trochanter on the lateral aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]], patella, patellar ligament

::Middle - Crural fascia, patella, lateral patellar ligament, cranial aspect of the tibia  

::Middle - Crural fascia, patella, lateral patellar ligament, cranial aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]].

::Caudal - Radiates into the crural fascia and forms the '''tarsal tendon''. This combines with the detachment from the semitendinous inserts on the calcaneus.

::Caudal - Radiates into the crural fascia and forms the '''tarsal tendon''. This combines with the detachment from the semitendinous inserts on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

:'''Action''': Generally extends and abducts the limb.  The cranial (vertebral) part extends the hip and stifle. The caudal (pelvic) part extends the hip but flexes the stifle. It also helps extend the tarsus through its attachment via the '''tarsal tendon''' on the calcaneus.

:'''Action''': Generally extends and abducts the limb.  The cranial (vertebral) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Stifle Joint|stifle]]. The caudal (pelvic) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]]  but flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Stifle Joint|stifle]]. It also helps extend the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] through its attachment via the '''tarsal tendon''' on the[[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

'''''Semitendinosus'''''

'''''Semitendinosus'''''