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| :'''Action''': Flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] (hock) | | :'''Action''': Flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] (hock) |
| :Its tendinous insertion has a synovial sheath, and a bursa is present between its medial branch and the medial ligament of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] (hock). | | :Its tendinous insertion has a synovial sheath, and a bursa is present between its medial branch and the medial ligament of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] (hock). |
− | :In the horse, its fibres join with the third fibular muscle proximal to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]]. | + | :In the horse, its fibres join with the ''third fibular muscle'' proximal to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]]. |
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| '''''Peroneus tertius''''' | | '''''Peroneus tertius''''' |
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| '''''Lateral digital extensor''''' | | '''''Lateral digital extensor''''' |
− | :'''Origin''': Lateral patella ligament, proximal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|fibula]], lateral border of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]] and the interosseous ligament. It lies between the long digital extensor muscle and the long flexor muscle of the first digit. | + | :'''Origin''': Lateral patella ligament, proximal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|fibula]], lateral border of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]] and the interosseous ligament. It lies between the ''long digital extensor'' muscle and the ''long flexor muscle of the first digit''. |
| :'''Insertion''': [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Long digital extensor tendon]] | | :'''Insertion''': [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Long digital extensor tendon]] |
− | :'''Action''': It appears to have no function, apart from maybe to support the long digital extensor. | + | :'''Action''': It appears to have no function, apart from maybe to support the ''long digital extensor''. |
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| =='''Caudal Muscles of the Crus'''== | | =='''Caudal Muscles of the Crus'''== |
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| '''''Gastrocnemius''''' | | '''''Gastrocnemius''''' |
− | :'''Origin''': Lateral head from the lateral supracondyloid crest of the femur. The medial head from the medial supracondyloid crest. | + | :'''Origin''': Lateral head from the lateral supracondyloid crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]]. The medial head from the medial supracondyloid crest. |
− | :'''Insertion''': Calcaneus as part of the '''common calcaneal tendon''' | + | :'''Insertion''': [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]] as part of the '''common calcaneal tendon''' |
− | :'''Action''': Extends the tarsus, assists in flexing the stifle | + | :'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]], assists in flexing the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]] |
− | :The two bellies combine in the middle of the crus, which twists around to the dorsal aspect of the superficial digital flexor. A large bursa lies between these two tendons and a small bursa lies between the gastrocnemius and the its point of insertion on the calcaneus. | + | :The two bellies combine in the middle of the crus, which twists around to the dorsal aspect of the ''superficial digital flexor''. A large bursa lies between these two tendons and a small bursa lies between the gastrocnemius and the its point of insertion on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]]. |
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| '''''Soleus''''' | | '''''Soleus''''' |
− | :'''Origin''': Head of the fibula | + | :'''Origin''': Head of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|fibula]] |
− | :'''Insertion''': Joins the lateral head of the gastrocnemius to become part of the gastrocnemius tendon | + | :'''Insertion''': Joins the lateral head of the ''gastrocnemius'' to become part of the gastrocnemius tendon |
− | :'''Action''': Mainly to assist the gastrocnemius | + | :'''Action''': Mainly to assist the ''gastrocnemius'' |
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| ==='''Flexors of the Digits'''=== | | ==='''Flexors of the Digits'''=== |
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| '''''Superficial digital flexor''''' | | '''''Superficial digital flexor''''' |
− | :'''Origin''': Supracondylar fossa on the caudal femur, attached to the lateral head of the ''gastrocnemius'' | + | :'''Origin''': Supracondylar fossa on the caudal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]], attached to the lateral head of the ''gastrocnemius'' |
− | :'''Insertion''': Calcaneus, the eminences on the sides of the proximal extremity of the second phalanx, and the distal extremity of the first phalanx behind the collateral ligament of the pastern joint. | + | :'''Insertion''': [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|Calcaneus]], the eminences on the sides of the proximal extremity of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phlanax|middle phalanx]], and the distal extremity of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] behind the collateral ligament of the [[Joints and Ligaments- Horse Anatomy#Proximal Interphalangeal (Pastern) Joint|proximal interphalangeal]] (pastern) joint . |
− | :'''Action''': Extends the digit, assists in extending the hock and flexing the stifle. | + | :'''Action''': Extends the digit, assists in extending the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] and flexing the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]. |
− | :Almost entirely tendinous, major component of the common cunean tendon which forms the caudal part of the reciprocal apparatus. | + | :Almost entirely tendinous, major component of the '''common cunean tendon''' which forms the caudal part of the [[Stay Apparatus - Horse Anatomy#Reciprocal Mechanism|reciprocal apparatus]]. |
− | :Widens at the point of the hock to form a cap over the calcanean tuberosity. The calcaneal bursa lies between the calcaneal tuberosity and the superficial digital flexor tendon. | + | :Widens at the point of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|hock]] to form a cap over the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneal tuberosity]]. The calcaneal bursa lies between the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneal tuberosity]] and the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|superficial digital flexor tendon]]. |
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| '''''Deep digital flexor''''' | | '''''Deep digital flexor''''' |
− | :'''Origin''': The deep digital flexor muscle has three heads, originating from the lateral condyle of the tibia, the caudal and medial aspect of the tibia. | + | :'''Origin''': The deep digital flexor muscle has three heads, originating from the lateral condyle of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|fibula]], the caudal and medial aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]]. |
− | :'''Insertion''': Semilunar crest and adjacent surface of the cartilage of the third phalanx, continues as the deep digital flexor tendon to insert on the distal phalanx | + | :'''Insertion''': Semilunar crest and adjacent surface of the cartilage of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]], continues as the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|deep digital flexor tendon]] to insert on the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]] |
| :'''Action''': Flexes the digit | | :'''Action''': Flexes the digit |
− | :The tendon has a synovial sheath from the distal fourth of the tibia, to a third of the way down the metatarsus. | + | :The tendon has a synovial sheath from the distal fourth of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]], to a third of the way down the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metatarsus]]. |
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