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Campylobacter species (view source)

Revision as of 07:47, 18 May 2008

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<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>

<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>

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* Curved, microaerophilic Gram-negative bacteria.

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* Sensitive to drying.

* Linked to:

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*Non-thermophilic species e.g. ''C. fetus''

*Grow on enriched media e.g. Skirrow agar in 1-10% carbon dioxide and 5-10% oxygen tension

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*''C. jejuni'' requires increased temperatures for growth

*Many grow on MacConkey

*Oxidase positive, non-fermentative

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*''C. fetus'' subspecies ''fetus'' and subspecies ''venerealis'' possess a microcapsule (S layer) which resists phagocytosis and serum-mediated destruction and enhances survival in the genital tract

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*Antigens of S layer undergoes antigenic shifts in ''C. fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis'', allowing persistence in the host

*''C. jejuni'' attaches and invades host enterocytes and produces enterotoxin-like substances

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===Clinical infections===

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*''Campylobacter fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis''

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**Venereal infection of cattle

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**Infertility in female cattle

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**Found in glandular crypts of prepuce of bull with no clinical signs - carriers

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**Causes catarrhal inflammation in female genital tract

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**Endometritis prevents implantation until infection gone and causes early embryonic death, occasionally sporadic abortion

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**May remain infertile for 3-5 months before immunity develops, which lasts 4-5 years

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**Effective immunity includes induction of IgA in the vagina and IgG in the uterus

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**Bacteria may persist in the vagina and be transmitted to bulls

===Diagnosis===

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*Smears stained with dilute carbol fuschin for 4 minutes

Flawrence

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