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===''Campylobacter fetus'' subspecies ''fetus;;===
===''Campylobacter fetus'' subspecies ''fetus''===
*
*Sporadic abortion in cows and sheep
*10% of ovine abortions in the UK
*Enteric organism of sheep, goats and cattle; faecal-oral transmission
*Ingestion during last trimester of pregnancy causes a bacteraemia
*Bacteria reach the uterus
*Necrotic placentitis causes late abortion, still birth or weak lambs
*Sporadic abortion in cattle
*Aborted lambs may have round necrotic lesions on surface of liver
*Aborting ewes source of infection for vulnerable animals
*Up to 20% of flock may abort
*Solid immunity developed
*S layer immunodominant antigen
*Diagnosis: hepatic lesions in lambs; presence of organisms in foetal abomasum; isolation and identification
*Treatment/control: isolate aborting ewes; destroy placenta; move other ewes to clean pasture; vaccinate flock with bacterin during outbreak and prophylactically; chlortetracycline in feed in an outbreak