Changes

'''Mandibular incisor and canine view''' - One radiograph can include all the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Incisors|incisor teeth]] in dogs and all [[Dental Formula - Cat|incisor and mandibular canine teeth]] in cats. The film is placed with the incisor cusp tips along the short side of the film. The tube is positioned perpendicular to the film when viewed from the front and to bisect the angle when viewed from the side. For larger dogs one radiograph can include the apices of both [[Dental Formula - Dog#Canines|canine teeth]]. The positioning is similar to that for the mandibular incisors but angled slightly more [[Dental Terminology|ventrodorsally]]. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from the side. For dedicated radiographs of one canine tooth (for example, during endodontic treatment) and to prevent superimposition of the first [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar tooth]], the tube can be angled from slightly lateral rather than perpendicular when viewed from the front.

'''Mandibular incisor and canine view''' - One radiograph can include all the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Incisors|incisor teeth]] in dogs and all [[Dental Formula - Cat|incisor and mandibular canine teeth]] in cats. The film is placed with the incisor cusp tips along the short side of the film. The tube is positioned perpendicular to the film when viewed from the front and to bisect the angle when viewed from the side. For larger dogs one radiograph can include the apices of both [[Dental Formula - Dog#Canines|canine teeth]]. The positioning is similar to that for the mandibular incisors but angled slightly more [[Dental Terminology|ventrodorsally]]. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from the side. For dedicated radiographs of one canine tooth (for example, during endodontic treatment) and to prevent superimposition of the first [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar tooth]], the tube can be angled from slightly lateral rather than perpendicular when viewed from the front.

*'''Lateral canine and rosral (mesial) mandibular [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]]''' - The mandibular canine and rostral [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] teeth are adjacent to the symphysis, requiring the film to be placed along the floor of the mouth, on top of the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] to avoid the frenulum preventing the film being placed correctly. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from the front, and perpendicular to the film when viewed from the side or top.

 

'''Lateral canine and rosral (mesial) mandibular [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]]''' - The mandibular canine and rostral [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] teeth are adjacent to the symphysis, requiring the film to be placed along the floor of the mouth, on top of the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] to avoid the frenulum preventing the film being placed correctly. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from the front, and perpendicular to the film when viewed from the side or top.

'''Lateral view of the distal [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] and [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molar]] teeth of the mandible''' - This is the one region in which parallel technique can routinely be used. The film is placed into the space between the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and the lingual surface of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandicle (mandibula)|mandible]], positioned apically so the cusp tip is level with the top of the film. The tube is positioned perpendicular to the plane of the tooth [[Enamel Organ#Root|roots]] and to the film.

'''Lateral view of the distal [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] and [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molar]] teeth of the mandible''' - This is the one region in which parallel technique can routinely be used. The film is placed into the space between the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and the lingual surface of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandicle (mandibula)|mandible]], positioned apically so the cusp tip is level with the top of the film. The tube is positioned perpendicular to the plane of the tooth [[Enamel Organ#Root|roots]] and to the film.

   

   

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==Tube Shift==

==Tube Shift==

Structures that are superimposed can be separated on the radiograph by shifting the tube-head in the third axis while maintaining the bisecting angle in the plane that includes the axis of the [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]] and the edge (plane) of the film . For example, when making a radiograph of the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] region, the tube-shift redirects the x-ray beam to a [[Dental Terminology|mesial-to-distal or distal-to-mesial]] direction while maintaining the bisecting angle position when viewed from the front of the patient (transverse plane). Shifting the tube [[Dental Terminology|mesially]] (mesiobuccal to distopalatal beam) moves objects that are closer to the tube-head distally on the radiograph image and objects that are closer to the film mesially. <br><br>

Structures that are superimposed can be separated on the radiograph by shifting the tube-head in the third axis while maintaining the bisecting angle in the plane that includes the axis of the [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]] and the edge (plane) of the film . For example, when making a radiograph of the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] region, the tube-shift redirects the x-ray beam to a [[Dental Terminology|mesial-to-distal or distal-to-mesial]] direction while maintaining the bisecting angle position when viewed from the front of the patient (transverse plane). Shifting the tube [[Dental Terminology|mesially]] (mesiobuccal to distopalatal beam) moves objects that are closer to the tube-head distally on the radiograph image and objects that are closer to the film mesially. <br><br>