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Nutraceuticals in Behaviour (view source)

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Alpha-casozepine is a trypsin hydrolysate of bovine milk casein with anxiolytic and anti-epileptic effects in laboratory rodent models<ref>Miclo, L., Perrin, E., Driou, A., Papadopoulos, V., Boujrad, N., Vanderesse, R., Boudier, J.F., Desor, D., Linden, G., Gaillard, J.L. (2001) Characterization of α-casozepine, a tryptic peptide from

bovine αs1-casein with benzodiazepine-like activity. FASEB J.15(10):1780-2.</ref>. It has been shown to have potential anxiolytic effects in cats and dogs in two open label trials<ref>Beata, C., Beaumont-Graff, E., Diaz, C., et al. Comparison of the effect of alpha-casozepine (Zylkene) versus selegiline hydrochloride on anxiety disorders in dogs. J Vet Behav 2007;2:175-83.</ref> <ref>Beata, C., Beaumont-Graff, E., Coll, V., et al. Effect of alpha-casozepine (Zylkene) on anxiety in cats. J Vet Behav 2007;2:40-6.</ref>. However, only one of these studies included a control group, the inclusion criteria were very broad, the populations small and outcomes were measured using questionnaires that had not been validated or checked for test-retest reliability. More studies are required to confirm clinical efficacy.

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~~==Cognitive Boosters==~~

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Many products aimed at improving cognitive function of older animals are mixtures of multiple ingredients such as antioxidants, mitochondrial cofactors, fatty acids (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids - omega 3 and 6 oils) amongst others which are generally thought to have a positive effect on the development of cognitive dysfunction. Additional ingredients which may be found in a supplement or diet with the aim of slowing cognitive dysfunction include vitamins C, E and B<sub>6</sub>, choline, phosphatidylcholine, alpha-lipoid acid, resveratrol, gingkobiloba, carnitine and flavonoids and carotenoids.

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Products which are more specific and focus on an active ingredient include those with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) which is thought to improve depression in humans<ref>Papakostas, G.I. The use of complementary and alternative medicines to achieve remission in major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70(Suppl. 5):18-22.</ref> and apoaequorin. Care should be taken when using SAMe in conjunction with behavioural drugs such as [[Clomipramine|clomipramine]] a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and [[Fluoxetine|fluoxetine]] a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) as it may augment serotonin levels and therefore potentially cause toxicity resulting in serotonin syndrome.

==L-theanine==

Jon Bowen

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