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→Recognised Syndromes Related to Taurine Deficiency
#'''Decreased Immune Response''': Prolonged taurine deficiency in cats can result in a range of abnormalities in the immune system, including leukopenia, neutrophil dyfunction depletion of cells from B-cell areas of lymph nodes and spleen<ref>Schuller-Levis G, et al. Immunologic consequences of taurine deficiency in cats. J Leukoc Biol 1990;47:321-331.</ref>. The clinical significance of immune dysfunction related to taurine deficiency is not well described.
#'''Decreased Immune Response''': Prolonged taurine deficiency in cats can result in a range of abnormalities in the immune system, including leukopenia, neutrophil dyfunction depletion of cells from B-cell areas of lymph nodes and spleen<ref>Schuller-Levis G, et al. Immunologic consequences of taurine deficiency in cats. J Leukoc Biol 1990;47:321-331.</ref>. The clinical significance of immune dysfunction related to taurine deficiency is not well described.
#'''Poor Reproductive Performance''': Although taurine-deficient cats come into [[Oestrous Cycle - Cat|oestrus]] normally dietary taurine deprivation adversely affects feline pregnancy<ref name="Sturman">Sturman JA. Dietary taurine and feline reproduction and development. J Nutr 1991;121:S166-S170.</ref> it is associated with:
#'''Poor Reproductive Performance''': Although taurine-deficient cats come into [[Oestrous Cycle - Cat|oestrus]] normally dietary taurine deprivation adversely affects feline pregnancy<ref name="Sturman">Sturman JA. Dietary taurine and feline reproduction and development. J Nutr 1991;121:S166-S170.</ref> it is associated with:
*abortion,
:*abortion,
*stillbirths,
:*stillbirths,
*reduced litter size,
:*reduced litter size,
*low birth weight, and
:*low birth weight, and
*poor kitten survival.
:*poor kitten survival.
Taurine deficiency in queens has also been associated with congenital defects in kittens such as [[hydrocephalus]] and anencephaly, cerebellar dysgenesis, abnormal hind-limb development and thoracic kyphosis<ref>Sturman JA, et al. Feline maternal taurine deficiency: Effect on mother and offspring. J Nutr 1986;116:655-667.</ref><ref>Sturman JA and Lu P. Role of feline maternal taurine nutrition in fetal cerebellar development: and immunohistochemical study. Amino Acids 1997;13:369-377.</ref>. Taurine-deprived, live-born kittens have a poor postnatal survival rate, maturational delay, and reduced growth rates<ref name="Sturman"/>. Surviving kittens are often small and weak and are prone to various complications.
::Taurine deficiency in queens has also been associated with congenital defects in kittens such as [[hydrocephalus]] and anencephaly, cerebellar dysgenesis, abnormal hind-limb development and thoracic kyphosis<ref>Sturman JA, et al. Feline maternal taurine deficiency: Effect on mother and offspring. J Nutr 1986;116:655-667.</ref><ref>Sturman JA and Lu P. Role of feline maternal taurine nutrition in fetal cerebellar development: and immunohistochemical study. Amino Acids 1997;13:369-377.</ref>. Taurine-deprived, live-born kittens have a poor postnatal survival rate, maturational delay, and reduced growth rates<ref name="Sturman"/>. Surviving kittens are often small and weak and are prone to various complications.
:5. '''[[Ear - Anatomy & Physiology#Deafness|Deafness]]''': Taurine deficiency has been associated with delayed auditory brainstem- evoked response maturation in cats resulting in hearing loss<ref>Vallecalle-Sandoval MH, et al. Comparison of the developmental changes of the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) in taurine-supplemented and taurine-deficient kittens. Int J Dev Neurosci 1991;9(6):571-9.</ref>.
==Toxicity==
==Toxicity==