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Artificial Insemination - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)

Revision as of 08:52, 23 July 2008

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→‎Insemination Methods

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== Insemination Methods ==

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~~'''CATTLE'''~~

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=== Cattle ===

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* Many doses from a single ejaculate.

* Inseminate 6 hours post-oestrus.

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~~'''SHEEP'''~~

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=== Sheep ===

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* The ewe has a convex [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] with overlapping folds. Insemination is into the internal os of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]].

* 0.25 ml or less is delivered by pipette.

* 70-75% conception rate is achieved with fresh semen, but only 5-15% with frozen semen due to the site of delivery being so far from the site of [[Fertilisation%2C_Implantation_and_Early_Embryonic_Development_-Fertilisation-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|fertilization]].

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* Laparoscopic insemination

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==== Laparoscopic insemination ====

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** Small numbers of sperm (20 million) are injected into the uterine horns, compared with the 200 million in cervical insemination.

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** Achieves good fertility,especially for frozen semen.

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* Small numbers of sperm (20 million) are injected into the uterine horns, compared with the 200 million in cervical insemination.

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** Incise a small hole in the abdominal wall.

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* Achieves good fertility,especially for frozen semen.

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** Place the ewe head down, feet up so that the uterine tissue is visible.

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* Incise a small hole in the abdominal wall.

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** Inject through the uterine wall directly into the uterine horn.

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* Place the ewe head down, feet up so that the uterine tissue is visible.

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* Inject through the uterine wall directly into the uterine horn.

* But, this is expensive and can only be carried out by a vet in the UK under local anaesthesia.

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=== Swine ===

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~~'''SWINE'''~~

* Minimum volume 25-50ml

* Normally 80ml is delivered through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] to reach the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterus]] by gravitational flow.

* Uses 2-3 billion sperm per insemination (60 billion in a normal ejaculate), so is relatively inefficient only giving ~20 inseminations per [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]].

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=== Horses ===

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~~'''MARE'''~~

* Gloved, lubricated hand is inserted directly into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]].

* Index finger is used to guide the insemination pipette into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervical lumen]].

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~~'''BITCH'''~~

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=== Dogs ===

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* Vulva is elevated manually so that the ventral 'tilt' of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vestibule]] is removed.

* Allows the insemination pipette to be inserted with relative ease.

Lwilkie

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