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Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology (view source)
Revision as of 22:22, 31 July 2008
, 22:22, 31 July 2008no edit summary
**Multifocal nodules, firm, calcified with necrotic centres
**Multifocal nodules, firm, calcified with necrotic centres
**Usually caudal lung lobes
**Usually caudal lung lobes
**Also [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory|granulomatous pleuritis]] and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Degenerative - Pathology#Haemothorax|haemothorax]]
**Also [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|granulomatous pleuritis]] and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Degenerative - Pathology#Haemothorax|haemothorax]]
===Nocardiosis===
===Nocardiosis===
*Caused by [[Actinomycetes|''Nocardia'']]
*Caused by [[Actinomycetes|''Nocardia'']]
*Grossly:
*Grossly:
**Haemorrhagic purulent exudate in [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory|pleural cavity]]
**Haemorrhagic purulent exudate in [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleural cavity]]
**Yellow granules on pleural surface
**Yellow granules on pleural surface
*Possibly caused by penetrating awns of grass
*Possibly caused by penetrating awns of grass
*Acute [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchopneumonia]] and may progress to [[Lungs - inflammatory#Lobar pneumonia|lobar pneumonia]] with toxaemia
*Acute [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchopneumonia]] and may progress to [[Lungs - inflammatory#Lobar pneumonia|lobar pneumonia]] with toxaemia
*Pathology
*Pathology
**Lobar, cranioventral exudative pneumonia with fibrin, [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory|fibrinous pleuritis]], areas of coagulative necrosis
**Lobar, cranioventral exudative pneumonia with fibrin, [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|fibrinous pleuritis]], areas of coagulative necrosis
*Histology
*Histology
**Large numbers of bacteria are usually associated with necrotic lesions
**Large numbers of bacteria are usually associated with necrotic lesions
***Multiple foci may coalesce
***Multiple foci may coalesce
***Ulcers in [[Trachea - inflammatory|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]] due to coughed up bacteria
***Ulcers in [[Trachea - inflammatory|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]] due to coughed up bacteria
***Spreads into [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory|pleura]]
***Spreads into [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleura]]
**Microscopically:
**Microscopically:
***Typical granulomatous inflammation
***Typical granulomatous inflammation
*Caused by [[Mycoplasmas|''Mycoplasma mycoides'']], small colony variant
*Caused by [[Mycoplasmas|''Mycoplasma mycoides'']], small colony variant
*Causes a fibrinonecrotic [[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory|fibrinous pleuritis]]
*Causes a fibrinonecrotic [[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|fibrinous pleuritis]]
*Also affects caudodorsal areas
*Also affects caudodorsal areas
*[[Lungs - inflammatory#Bronchopneumonia|Bronchopneumonia]] -> [[Lungs - inflammatory#Lobar pneumonia|lobar pneumonia]]
*[[Lungs - inflammatory#Bronchopneumonia|Bronchopneumonia]] -> [[Lungs - inflammatory#Lobar pneumonia|lobar pneumonia]]
**Largely from toxin produced
**Largely from toxin produced
**In diphragmatic lobes of the lungs
**In diphragmatic lobes of the lungs
*Haemorrhage with [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory|fibrinous pleuritis]]
*Haemorrhage with [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|fibrinous pleuritis]]
*Usually localised, sometimes generalised
*Usually localised, sometimes generalised
*[[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella multocida'']] can cause a severe acute fibrinous [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] in pigs
*[[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella multocida'']] can cause a severe acute fibrinous [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] in pigs
*The most significant disease here is that caused by ''P. multocida'' secondary to underlying [[Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'' pneumonia]], see above [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|enzootic pneumonia of pigs]]
*The most significant disease here is that caused by ''P. multocida'' secondary to underlying [[Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'' pneumonia]], see above [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|enzootic pneumonia of pigs]]
**This results in chronic suppurative [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchopneumonia]] with abscessation and [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory|pleuritis]]
**This results in chronic suppurative [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchopneumonia]] with abscessation and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]]
*If there is considerable pleural involvement, it may be indistinguishable from lesions caused by ''Haemophilus pleuropneumonia'' (below)
*If there is considerable pleural involvement, it may be indistinguishable from lesions caused by ''Haemophilus pleuropneumonia'' (below)
*Also isolated from cases of meningitis and septicaemia in piglets
*Also isolated from cases of meningitis and septicaemia in piglets
*Seen mainly between 6wks-6mths of age but will affect any age
*Seen mainly between 6wks-6mths of age but will affect any age
*Highly pathogenic strains are capable of initiating disease on their own with high mortality in young pigs
*Highly pathogenic strains are capable of initiating disease on their own with high mortality in young pigs
*A fibrinonecrotic [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] with [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory|pleurisy]]
*A fibrinonecrotic [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] with [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleurisy]]
*Foci of haemorrhagic consolidation or necrosis, mainly around major bronchi, tend to sequestrate
*Foci of haemorrhagic consolidation or necrosis, mainly around major bronchi, tend to sequestrate
*Tending to spread throughout all lung lobes: therefore a cranioventral distribution may not be particularly evident
*Tending to spread throughout all lung lobes: therefore a cranioventral distribution may not be particularly evident
*Caused by [[Haemophilus species|''Haemophilus parasuis'']]
*Caused by [[Haemophilus species|''Haemophilus parasuis'']]
*May cause suppurative [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory|pleuritis]] (as part of polyserositis)
*May cause suppurative [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]] (as part of polyserositis)
*Stress of mixing, weaning and adverse environmental conditions are predisposing to the disease
*Stress of mixing, weaning and adverse environmental conditions are predisposing to the disease