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==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==
 
==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==
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===Whole Organsim===
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===Whole Organism===
    
*Live attenuated organism
 
*Live attenuated organism
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**Virulent and toxic organisms cannot be used as vaccines as they would cause disease
 
**Virulent and toxic organisms cannot be used as vaccines as they would cause disease
 
**Organisms can be killed using radiation or chemicals so that they still possess the antigens to stimulate an immune response, but the organisms are unable to replicate inside the host
 
**Organisms can be killed using radiation or chemicals so that they still possess the antigens to stimulate an immune response, but the organisms are unable to replicate inside the host
**Toxins are inactivated to produce a toxoid which will still have the antigens needed to produce an immune reponse but will not be harmful to the host
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**Toxins are inactivated to produce a toxoid which will still have the antigens needed to produce an immune response but will not be harmful to the host
 
**Needs two doses
 
**Needs two doses
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*Some create a depot of antigen at the injection site allowing a steady flow of antigen into the afferent lymph
 
*Some create a depot of antigen at the injection site allowing a steady flow of antigen into the afferent lymph
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*Some stimulate the immune system to amplify the adaptive immune reponse to antigens
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*Some stimulate the immune system to amplify the adaptive immune response to antigens
 
**E.g. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)  
 
**E.g. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)  
 
**E.g. PAMP-like adjuvants which assist naive T cell priming
 
**E.g. PAMP-like adjuvants which assist naive T cell priming
    
*Different subtypes of T helper cells are stimulated by different adjuvants
 
*Different subtypes of T helper cells are stimulated by different adjuvants
**E.g. Aluminium salts generate bias T helper II reponses for '''antibody'''-mediated immunity
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**E.g. Aluminium salts generate bias T helper II responses for '''antibody'''-mediated immunity
 
**E.g. Killed mycobacteria generate IL-12 producing good '''cell'''-mediated immunity
 
**E.g. Killed mycobacteria generate IL-12 producing good '''cell'''-mediated immunity
  
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