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===D===
===D===
*'''Diuresis''' - An increased production of Urine
*[[The Effects of Diuretics on the Kidneys - Anatomy & Physiology|'''Diuretic''']] - A drug which acts on the tubule to reduce the reabsorption of water and thus increases urine volume
===E===
===E===
*[[Introduction to Fluid Movement - Physiology#Extracellular Fluid|'''Extracellular Fluid (ECF)''']] - Comprises the blood plasma, the tissue fluid and the lymph
*[[Erythropoiesis - WikiBlood#Regulation|'''Erythropoietin''']] - A hormone synthesised in the kidney that acts on stem cells of the [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]] to stimulate [[Erythrocytes - WikiBlood|erythrocyte]] (red blood cell) production.
===G===
===G===
*[[Glomerulus and Bowmans Capsule - Anatomy & Physiology#Function of the Renal Corpuscle|'''Glomerular Filtration Barrier''']] - This structure is responsible for the selective filtration of the blood in the glomerulus. It is made up of three layers.
*[[Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) - Physiology|'''Glomerular Filtration Rate''']] - The volume of fluid filtered from the capillaries into the bowmans capsule every minute.
*[[Glomerulus and Bowmans Capsule - Anatomy & Physiology|'''Glomerulus''']] - A mass of anastomsing capillaries encased in the Bowman's capsule. The function of the glomerulus is to filter components of the blood before they pass to the tubules. The filtrate that is formed consists of water and low molecular weight constituents. The afferent arteriole supplies the glomerulus and the efferent arteriole drains it.
===M===
===M===
*[[Distal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Juxtaglomerular Apparatus|'''Macula Densa''']] - This structure found in the wall of the distal tubule is involved in the regulation of GFR via [[Autoregulation of GFR - Anatomy and Physiology#Tubuloglomerular Feedback (TGF)|tubuloglomerular feedback]]
*'''Medullary Ray''' - Middle part of a renal lobule. Its a straight tube which a nephron drains into and it connects to a collecting duct. They are only in the renal cortex and its name refers to where it is heading not where it is located.
*[[Process of Micturition|'''Micturition''']] - Is the normal process of the passive storage and active voiding of urine
===N===
===N===
*'''Natriuresis''' - Abnormal amounts of sodium loss in the urine
*[[Kidney Nephron - Anatomy & Physiology|'''Nephron''']] - The functional unit of the kidney consisting of the renal corpuscule and renal tubule.
===O===
===O===
*'''Osmolality''' - Number of osmoles of solute per kilo of solvent
*[[Introduction to Fluid Movement - Physiology#Osmolarity|'''Osmolarity''']] - Number of osmoles of solute per litre of solutions
*'''Osmole''' - It is a non-SI unit which represents the number of moles of a chemical compound which
*[[Osmosis and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology|'''Osmosis''']] - The passive transport of water across a semi-permeable membrane
===P===
===P===
*[[Kidney - Blood Pressure - Physiology#Pressure Diuresis|'''Pressure Diuresis''']] - Increasing blood pressure increases urinary output
*[[Kidney - Blood Pressure - Physiology#Pressure Natriuresis|'''Pressure Natriuresis''']] - When blood pressure is increased sodium reabsorption decreases. This helps to restore blood pressure back to normal
===R===
===R===
*'''Renal Clearance''' - Is dependant on glomerular filtration rate and demonstrates the kidneys ability to remove a compound from the blood.
*[[Glomerulus and Bowmans Capsule - Anatomy & Physiology|'''Renal Corpuscule''']] - Consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, a single layer of epithelial cells (podocytes) resting on a basement membrane.
*[[Kidney Basic Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|'''Renal Lobe''']] - A multipyramidal kidney has several lobes each consisting of a renal pyramid and the piece of cortex above it. A unipyramidal kidney only has one of these
*[[Kidney Basic Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|'''Renal Lobule''']] - Groups of these make up a renal lobe. It is a collective name for a group of nephrons draining into a single medullary ray which in turn drains into a collecting duct
*[[Kidney Basic Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|'''Renal Pyramid''']] - Visible grossly this is the region of the medulla which appears triangular in cross section. They are actually cone shaped and the pointed part which faces towards the renal pelvis is termed the apex and the part against the cortex the base.
*[[Glucose Homeostasis - Physiology#Filtration and Reabsorption|'''Renal Threshold''']] - The concentration at which glucose begins to appear in the urine
*[[The Endocrine Function of the Kidney - Anatomy & Physiology#Renin|'''Renin''']] - A proteolytic enzyme synthesised in the kidney that plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
===S===
===S===
*[[Sodium Homeostasis - Physiology#Salt Hunger|'''Salt Hunger''']] - Animals especially herbivores crave salt when they are sodium deficient
*'''Sarcolemma''' - cell membrane of the muscle fiber, containing a plasma membrane and an outer coat of polysaccharide conaining collagen fibrils; fuses with tendon fiber at the end of the muscle fiber
*'''Sarcolemma''' - cell membrane of the muscle fiber, containing a plasma membrane and an outer coat of polysaccharide conaining collagen fibrils; fuses with tendon fiber at the end of the muscle fiber
*'''Sarcomere''' the portion of the myofibril that lies between two successive Z discs
*'''Sarcomere''' the portion of the myofibril that lies between two successive Z discs
*'''Sarcoplasm''' fills spaces between myofibrils, containing potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
*'''Sarcoplasm''' fills spaces between myofibrils, containing potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
*'''Sarcoplasmic Reticulum''' specialy organized reticula to control muscle contraction, site of calcium ion storage
*'''Sarcoplasmic Reticulum''' specialy organized reticula to control muscle contraction, site of calcium ion storage
*'''Sodium/Potassium ATPase''' - A common ATPase antiporter in the basolateral membrane of the cells of the nephron which removes sodium from within the cell in exchange for potassium.
*[[Glucose Homeostasis - Physiology#T Max and Splay|'''Splay''']] - Between the renal threshold and T-Max the amount of glucose filtered and the amount of glucose in the urine is not linearly related. This is becuase some nephrons have a greater capacity for reabsorbtion than others and are not overcome as easily.
*[[Transport Proteins - Physiology#Co-Transporters|'''Symporter''']] - A member of the family of transport proteins called ATPases. This protein is responsible for the transport of at least two molecules in the same direction
===T===
===T===
*[[Glucose Homeostasis - Physiology#T Max and Splay|'''T-Max - Renal''']] - Is the point at which every nephron is running at full capacity of reabsorping glucose. After this point the glucose cocentration filtered and excreted increase linearly.
*'''Tubule - renal''' - A minute tube, lined by a single layer of epithelial cells, that extends in a convoluted manner from the Bowman's capsule to the collecting ducts. The primary function of the tubule is to secrete and reabsorb water, inorganic ions and other molecules from the glomerular filtrate. The tubule consists of 4 main areas: the [[Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology | Proximal Tubule]], the [[Loop Of Henle - Anatomy & Physiology | Loop Of Henle]], the [[Distal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology | Distal Tubule]] and the [[Collecting Duct - Anatomy & Physiology | Collecting Duct]].
===V===
===V===
[[Vasa Recta - Anatomy & Physiology|'''Vasa Recta''']] - The blood vessels supplying the loop of henle