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*Strengthened by a network of veins comprising breathing tubes (trachea) and blood vessels
*Strengthened by a network of veins comprising breathing tubes (trachea) and blood vessels
*The wing venation can be used in identification
*The wing venation can be used for identification
===Insect Abdomen===
===Insect Abdomen===
*Segmented
*Soft
*Appendages present
**Copulatory claspers
**Ovipositor
**External genitalia
====Respiratory System====
====Respiratory System====
*Branching trachea strengthened by spial thickenings in the walls
*Trachea communicate with outside via spiracles
**Spiracles on side of body
**Chitinous openings
**Muscular control so can open and close at will
**Mounted on stigmatic plates
*Muscular contactions of the body wall produce repiratory movements
*Shape of spiracles and stigmatic plates used for species identification
====Alimentary and Excretary System====
====Alimentary and Excretary System====
*Alimentary canal divided into fore, mid and hind gut
*Foregut:
**Oesophagus
**Crop for temporary food storage
**Proventriculus
**Gizzard present in insects which eat solid food
**Muscular wall and teeth on inner surface
*Midgut:
**Stores food
**Secretes enzymes for digestion
**Outlet for malpighian tubules (equivalent of the mammalian kidney)
*Hindgut:
**Water resorption
====Nervous System====
====Nervous System====