12
edits
Changes
→Process
[[Image:Diagram of ruminating contractions.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Diagram of ruminating contractions - Copyright RVC 2008]]
[[Image:Diagram of ruminating contractions.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Diagram of ruminating contractions - Copyright RVC 2008]]
*Reflex initiated by mechanical stimlation of the receptors in the mucosa of the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]], ruminoreticular fold and cardiac area of the [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]]
*Reflex initiated by mechanical stimulation of the receptors in the mucosa of the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]], ruminoreticular fold and cardiac area of the [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]]
*Frequency of contractions depends on the animal's activity
*Frequency of contractions depends on the animal's feeding activity and diet contents
*E.g. Cattle fed on hay or straw have the most frequent contractions at 79-100 per hour during feeding, 55-76 per hour during rumination
*E.g. Cattle fed on hay or straw have the most frequent contractions at 79-100 per hour during feeding, 55-76 per hour during rumination
*E.g. Cattle that are resting (not feeding or ruminating) only have contractions 47-80 per hour
*E.g. Cattle that are resting (not feeding or ruminating) only have contractions at 47-80 per hour
*Discrete reticular contraction preceedes biphasic ruminal contraction (see [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|ruminoreticular contractions]])
*Discrete reticular contraction preceeds biphasic ruminal contraction (see [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|ruminoreticular contractions]])
*Rumination depends upon the coordination of the stomach movements with the thoracic wall and throat
*Regurgitation depends upon the coordination of the stomach movements with the thoracic wall and throat: inspiration against a closed glottis creating a negative pressure in the thorax - allowing ingesta to be drawn into the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]
*Associated with inspiration against a closed glottis creating a negative pressure in the thorax allowing ingesta to be drawn into the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]
*Ingesta carried to the oral cavity via an antiperistaltic wave
*Ingesta carried orally via an antiperistaltic wave
*the process is controlled by rumination centres in the hypothalamus
*Fibre increases stomach motility (type and length of fibre is important)
*Fibre increases stomach motility
*Increase in [[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|volatile fatty acids]] decrease stomach motility
*Increase in [[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|volatile fatty acids]] decrease stomach motility
==Function==
==Function==