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===''Leptospira''
===''Leptospira''===
*Motile, helical bacteria found in aquatic environments
*Motile, helical bacteria found in aquatic environments
***Serovars ''canicola'' and ''icterohaemorrhagica'' cause leptospirosis in dogs, but are vaccinated against
***Serovars ''canicola'' and ''icterohaemorrhagica'' cause leptospirosis in dogs, but are vaccinated against
***Serovars ''pomona'' and ''grippotyphosa'' are becoming important
***Serovars ''pomona'' and ''grippotyphosa'' are becoming important
***The host-adapted serovar ''canicolar'' causes renal failure in puppies
***The host-adapted serovar ''canicolar'' causes acute renal failure in puppies; a chronic uraemic syndrome may follow
***Incidental infections with serovar ''icterohaemorrhagica'' or ''copenhagenii'' cause renal failure
***Serovar ''bratislava'' causes abortion and infertility in dogs, which may be the maintenance host
***Infections uncommon in cats
===''Borrelia''===
*Longer, wider, helical spirochaetes with a linear chromosome and linear and circular plasmids
*Obligate parasites transmitted by arthropod vectors
*Lyme disease
**Caused by ''Borrelia burgdorferi''
**Reported in humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep