This is a geographically restricted condition and '''persistent non-healing circular ulcers''' may be present. A '''direct smear of the squeezed exudate''' from the lesion usually reveals large numbers of the parasites (usually ''T. brucei'').
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==References==
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* Knottenbelt, D. (2008) Skin disorders In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 8