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| ==Anaesthesia associated drugs== | | ==Anaesthesia associated drugs== |
− | Acetylpromazine | + | ===Acetylpromazine=== |
− | Pre-anaesthetic | + | *Pre-anaesthetic |
− | 0.05-0.5 mg/kg | + | *0.05-0.5 mg/kg |
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− | Alphadolone/alphaxalone | + | ===Alphadolone/alphaxalone=== |
− | Saffan 3 mg/ml alphadolone and 9 mg/ml alphaxalone giving a 12mg/ml solution | + | *Saffan 3 mg/ml alphadolone and 9 mg/ml alphaxalone giving a 12mg/ml solution |
− | Induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia | + | *Induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia |
− | 6-9 mg/kg IV | + | *6-9 mg/kg IV |
− | 9-15 mg/kg IM | + | *9-15 mg/kg IM |
− | Incremental doses according to the animal's response | + | *Incremental doses according to the animal's response |
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− | Atropine | + | ===Atropine=== |
− | Pre-anaesthetic | + | *Pre-anaesthetic |
− | Use with bradycardia | + | *Use with bradycardia |
− | 0.01-0.1 mg/kg IM,SC | + | *0.01-0.1 mg/kg IM,SC |
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− | Buprenorphine | + | ===Buprenorphine=== |
− | Analgesic | + | *Analgesic |
− | 0.005-0.02 mg/kg IM q24-48h | + | *0.005-0.02 mg/kg IM q24-48h |
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− | Butorphanol | + | ===Butorphanol=== |
− | Analgesic | + | *Analgesic |
− | No established dose | + | *No established dose |
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− | Diazepam | + | ===Diazepam=== |
− | No established dose | + | *No established dose |
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− | Doxapram | + | ===Doxapram=== |
− | Respiratory stimulant | + | *Respiratory stimulant |
− | 5 mg/kg IV | + | *5 mg/kg IV |
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− | Halothane | + | ===Halothane=== |
− | Gaseous anaesthetic | + | *Gaseous anaesthetic |
− | 3-4% induction | + | *3-4% induction |
− | 1.5-3% maintenance | + | *1.5-3% maintenance |
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− | Isoflurane | + | ===Isoflurane=== |
− | Inhalational anaesthetic of choice | + | *Inhalational anaesthetic of choice |
− | Less hepatotoxic than other inhalants | + | *Less hepatotoxic than other inhalants |
− | Rapid induction and recovery in lizards | + | *Rapid induction and recovery in lizards |
− | Up to 6% induction | + | *Up to 6% induction |
− | 2-3% maintenance | + | *2-3% maintenance |
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− | Ketamine | + | ===Ketamine=== |
− | Muscle relaxation and analgesia may be marginal | + | *Muscle relaxation and analgesia may be marginal |
− | Prolonged recovery with higher doses | + | *Prolonged recovery with higher doses |
− | Larger reptiles require lower dose | + | *Larger reptiles require lower dose |
− | Painful at injection site | + | *Painful at injection site |
− | Questionable safety in debilitated animals | + | *Questionable safety in debilitated animals |
− | Avoid use with renal impairment | + | *Avoid use with renal impairment |
− | Lizards require lower dose than other reptiles | + | *Lizards require lower dose than other reptiles |
− | 10-30 mg/kg IM as a sedative, facilitates intubation | + | *10-30 mg/kg IM as a sedative, facilitates intubation |
− | Useful in large lizards (11.6 mg/kg) in combination with midazolam (0.34-0.35 mg/kg) | + | *Useful in large lizards (11.6 mg/kg) in combination with midazolam (0.34-0.35 mg/kg) |
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− | Lignocaine | + | ===Lignocaine=== |
− | Local anaesthetic | + | *Local anaesthetic |
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− | Midazolam | + | ===Midazolam=== |
− | May be useful in some species | + | *May be useful in some species |
− | 2 mg/kg | + | *2 mg/kg |
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− | Pentobarbitone | + | ===Pentobarbitone=== |
− | Euthanasia | + | *Euthanasia |
− | 60 mg/kg IV, ICo | + | *60 mg/kg IV, ICo |
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− | Propofol | + | ===Propofol=== |
− | Injectable anaesthetic of choice | + | *Injectable anaesthetic of choice |
− | Rapid induction and rapid recovery | + | *Rapid induction and rapid recovery |
− | 10 mg/kg IV | + | *10 mg/kg IV |
− | Additional doses of 10% of the original may be administered for maintenance | + | *Additional doses of 10% of the original may be administered for maintenance |
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− | Tiletamine/ zolazepam | + | ===Tiletamine/ zolazepam=== |
− | Not generally used but useful in larger lizards | + | *Not generally used but useful in larger lizards |
− | 5.5 mg/kg in a 55kg komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) led to easy handling within 30 minutes but heavy sedation the day after the anaesthetic | + | *5.5 mg/kg in a 55kg komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) led to easy handling within 30 minutes but heavy sedation the day after the anaesthetic |
− | 10-40 mg/kg IM- 8-20 minute induction, 2-10 hour recovery in smaller individuals | + | *10-40 mg/kg IM- 8-20 minute induction, 2-10 hour recovery in smaller individuals |
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− | Xylazine | + | ===Xylazine=== |
− | Infrequently used | + | *Infrequently used |
− | 0.1-1.25 mg/kg IV, IM | + | *0.1-1.25 mg/kg IV, IM |
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| ==Hormones== | | ==Hormones== |