Changes

==Observation==

==Observation==

Snakes should have active [[Snake Special Senses|tongues]] that are sampling scent particles in the atmosphere (see [[Jacobsons organ|Jacobson's organ]]).  Normal movement should be observed although allowances must be made for any chilling effect in transit since this will reduce the patient's metabolism and give a misleading impression of lethargy and lack of strength.  A healthy snake will have adequate muscle tone and grip the clinician's hands.  Review how to correctly [[Snake Handling and Restraint|handle and restrain a snake]]).  There will be a level of activity befitting the particular [[:Category:Snake Species|species]].  A sick snake usually remains limp.  The righting reflex should be tested since poor reactions can be a result of weakness and not necessarily neurological disease.  [[Snake Neurological System|Neurological function]] can be assessed by checking head position, body posture, cloacal tone and righting reflexes.  [[Snake Respiratory System|Respiration]], including rib movements and any sounds produced should be noted.

Snakes should have active [[Snake Special Senses|tongues]] that are sampling scent particles in the atmosphere (see [[Jacobsons organ|Jacobson's organ]]).  Normal movement should be observed although allowances must be made for any chilling effect in transit since this will reduce the patient's metabolism and give a misleading impression of lethargy and lack of strength.  A healthy snake will have adequate muscle tone and grip the clinician's hands.  Review how to correctly handle and restrain a snake [[Snake Handling and Restraint|here]].  There will be a level of activity befitting the particular [[:Category:Snake Species|species]].  A sick snake usually remains limp.  The righting reflex should be tested since poor reactions can be a result of weakness and not necessarily neurological disease.  [[Snake Neurological System|Neurological function]] can be assessed by checking head position, body posture, cloacal tone and righting reflexes.  [[Snake Respiratory System|Respiration]], including rib movements and any sounds produced should be noted.

 

==Organ positions==

==Organ positions==

The organisation of internal structures varies between snake families and genera.  However it is important to know the approximate position of the organs during a physical examination.  The following is a generalisation if the snake's body is divided into thirds from snout to vent:

The organisation of internal structures varies between snake families and genera.  However it is important to know the approximate position of the organs during a physical examination.  The following is a generalisation if the snake's body is divided into thirds from snout to vent: