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| | ==In Cattle== | | ==In Cattle== |
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| − | ===Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)=== | + | ===[[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)]]=== |
| − | [[Image:IBR nasal cavity.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>IBR in nasal cavity (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | [[Image:IBR trachea.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>IBR in trachea (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | *Causative agent is [[Herpesviridae|'''bovine herpesvirus, type 1''']]
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| − | *URT infection with serous nasal discharge, increases respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever,from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
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| − | *[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|Rhinitis]], [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pharyngitis|pharyngitis]], [[Larynx Inflammatory - Pathology|laryngitis]], [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology|tracheitis]], [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology|bronchiolitis]]
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| − | *Morbidity is high, mortality is low
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| − | *Highly infectious URT disease of cattle
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| − | *Spread by movement of animals, aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals
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| − | *Early stages (only first few days) may show [[Degenerations and Infiltrations - Pathology#Cellular Inclusions|intracellular inclusions]] in the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells
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| − | *Leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent
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| − | *With secondary bacterial infection (eg: [[:Category:Pasteurella and Mannheimia species|Pasturella spp.]], [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma spp.]], [[Fusobacterium|Fusobacterium necrophorum]]) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Aspiration pneumonia|inhalation pneumonia]]... death
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| − | *Underlying hyperaemic inflammatory response
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| − | *Can become latent following primary infection
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| − | *Clinical signs:nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate
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| − | *Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the [[Oesophagus - Pathology#Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology|oesophagus]] and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection
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| − | *Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation
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| − | *May contribute to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
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| | *Causative agent: [[Picornaviridae|bovine rhinovirus]] | | *Causative agent: [[Picornaviridae|bovine rhinovirus]] |
| | *May cause mild respiratory disease | | *May cause mild respiratory disease |
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| | ==In Sheep== | | ==In Sheep== |