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**Enlarged submandibular lymph nodes
 
**Enlarged submandibular lymph nodes
 
*Secondary bacterial infection can follow defective muco-ciliary transport, eg ''Streptococcus zooepidemicus''
 
*Secondary bacterial infection can follow defective muco-ciliary transport, eg ''Streptococcus zooepidemicus''
*For more, see [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Equine influenza|here]]
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===Diagnosis===
 
===Diagnosis===
 
*Virus isolation: Deep nasal swabs (12 inches) deposited into 10ml of transport medium and transported at 4C
 
*Virus isolation: Deep nasal swabs (12 inches) deposited into 10ml of transport medium and transported at 4C
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***The course consists of a primary inoculation followed by a second within 21-92 days and a third after a further 150-215 days
 
***The course consists of a primary inoculation followed by a second within 21-92 days and a third after a further 150-215 days
 
***Boosters are given annually to maintain immunity, and in the event a year is missed the initial course of three jabs must be repeated
 
***Boosters are given annually to maintain immunity, and in the event a year is missed the initial course of three jabs must be repeated
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*Causative agent: [[Orthomyxoviridae]]
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*[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Rhinitis]],
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*Pathogenesis:
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**Inhalation -> replication in epithelial cells of upper and lower airways (attaches  via haemaglutinin spike and gains entry into cell) -> neuramidase alters efficiency of [[Respiratory System General Introduction - Pathology#Mucociliary escalator|mucociliary apparatus]]
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*Sloughing of the affected area
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*Severity of signs will depend on dose of virus
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*Acute [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of tracheitis|tracheo]][[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchitis]] with coughing, and fever
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*May be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections
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*No viraemia
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*In severe cases may cause [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]]
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*Secondary invaders are usually [[:Category:Streptococcus species|''Streptococci'']]
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[[Category:Orthomyxoviridae]][[Category:Horse]]
 
[[Category:Orthomyxoviridae]][[Category:Horse]]
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