Changes

===Pathology===

===Pathology===

====Pathogenesis====

====Pathogenesis====

*Infects and replicates in the oropharynx

Canine adenovirus 1 (CAV1) initially infects and replicates in the cells of the oropharynx, before establishing a viraemia. A tropism for endothelial cells exists, leading to attack of the liver sinusoids and the lining of the gall bladder. Kuppfer cells are also affected. This results in hepatitis.

*Viremia as the virus reaches endothelial cells

In foxes, the virus replicates in the endothelial cells of the brain resulting in neuronal damage, fits, and paralysis.

*Attacks the endothelial lining of '''gall bladder''', '''liver sinusoids''', and '''Kuppfer cells'''

*Post Mortem: swollen, hemorrhagic liver, ascites, and oedema of the gall bladder

*In older dogs, may present more mildly with lymph node enlargement and chronic interstitial nephritis

*In foxes: virus replicates in the endothelia of the brain resulting in neuronal damage, fits, and paralysis

====Gross====

====Gross====

*the virus has a tropism for endothelium and hepatocytes

*the virus has a tropism for endothelium and hepatocytes

**wall usually shows oedema (up to 2cm diameter)

**wall usually shows oedema (up to 2cm diameter)

*[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]] and [[Tonsils - Anatomy & Physiology|tonsils]] are enlarged and reddened, sometimes haemorrhagic

*[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]] and [[Tonsils - Anatomy & Physiology|tonsils]] are enlarged and reddened, sometimes haemorrhagic

====Microscopically====

====Microscopically====

*basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies

*basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies

**in hepatocytes and macrophages

**in hepatocytes and macrophages

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

===Control===

===Control===