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Hypersensitivity Flashcards (view source)
Revision as of 13:17, 18 August 2010
, 13:17, 18 August 2010no edit summary
*Leading to cell and tissue damage
*Leading to cell and tissue damage
*It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)
*It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)
|l1=Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l1=Hypersensitivity - Introduction
|q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?
|q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?
|a2=Gell and Coombs
|a2=Gell and Coombs
|l2=Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l2=Hypersensitivity - Introduction
|q3=Complete the following sentences
|q3=Complete the following sentences
<p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p>
<p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p>
*antibody mediated
*antibody mediated
*cell mediated
*cell mediated
|l3=Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Classification
|l3=Hypersensitivity - Introduction#Classification
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
===Type I Hypersensitivity===
===Type I Hypersensitivity===
*Anaphylactic-mediated
*Anaphylactic-mediated
*IgE-mediated
*IgE-mediated
|l1=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l1=Type I Hypersensitivity
|q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?
|q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?
|a2=Allergens
|a2=Allergens
|l2=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l2=Type I Hypersensitivity#Introduction
|q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction
|q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction
|a3=
|a3=
*Proteins
*Proteins
*Insect products
*Insect products
|l3=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction:
|l3=Type I Hypersensitivity#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction:
|q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?
|q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?
|a4=
|a4=
*Chemoattractants cause the influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], basophils, [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]] and plasma
*Chemoattractants cause the influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], basophils, [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]] and plasma
*Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres
*Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres
|l4=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism
|l4=Type I Hypersensitivity#Mechanism
|q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions
|q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions
|a5=
|a5=
*Atopy
*Atopy
*Flea allergic dermatitis
*Flea allergic dermatitis
|l5=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity
|l5=Type I Hypersensitivity#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
===Type II Hypersensitivity===
===Type II Hypersensitivity===
*[[IgM]]
*[[IgM]]
*Fixed antigens
*Fixed antigens
|l1=Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l1=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction
|q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
|q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
|a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors
|a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors
|l2=Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism
|l2=Type II Hypersensitivity#Mechanism
|q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?
|q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?
|a3=
|a3=
**Feline infectious anaemia
**Feline infectious anaemia
*Phagocytosis
*Phagocytosis
|l3=Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l3=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
===Type III Hypersensitivity===
===Type III Hypersensitivity===
*IgG
*IgG
*Soluble antigens
*Soluble antigens
|l1=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l1=Type III Hypersensitivity#Introduction
|q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?
|q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?
|a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
|a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
|l2=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
|l2=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
|q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?
|q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?
|a3=
|a3=
*Vasculitis
*Vasculitis
*Acute inflammation
*Acute inflammation
|l3=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
|l3=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
|q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?
|q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?
|a4=
|a4=
*Neutropaenia
*Neutropaenia
*Proteinurea
*Proteinurea
|l4=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
|l4=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
|q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen
|q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen
|a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
|a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
|l5=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
|l5=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
===Type IV Hypersensitivity===
===Type IV Hypersensitivity===
|q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?
|q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?
|a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity
|a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity
|l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction
|q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?
|q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?
|a2=
|a2=
*Abnormal macrophage activation
*Abnormal macrophage activation
*Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)
*Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)
|l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction
|q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?
|q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?
|a3=Destruction of normal cells
|a3=Destruction of normal cells
|l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction
|q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
|q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
|a4=
|a4=
*Contact
*Contact
*Granulomatous
*Granulomatous
|l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2 types:
|l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2 types:
|q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?
|q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?
|a5=Mononuclear cells
|a5=Mononuclear cells
|l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#1. Contact
|l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity#1. Contact
|q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response
|q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response
|a6=
|a6=
*Mycobacterium tubercle
*Mycobacterium tubercle
*Schistosome eggs
*Schistosome eggs
|l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous
|l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous
|q7=What is the tuberculin test?
|q7=What is the tuberculin test?
|a7=
|a7=
*Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin
*Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin
*A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]]) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection
*A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]]) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection
|l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous
|l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>